Funtionalism, Crime And Deviance Flashcards

1
Q

What is role allication - Davis and Moore link to crime? (Functionalist)

A

They claim that criminals are fulfilling their role in society

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2
Q

Explain why funtionalists see crime as a good thing ? (boundary maintenance)

A

Functionalists see crime as an opportunity to refresh the consensus of society by punishment of criminals

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3
Q

How do funtionalists view society in terms of equality

A

They see society as fair and meritocratic

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4
Q

What were Durkhiem’s opinions on the necessity of crime?

A

He believed that crime is an integral part of a healthy societies

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5
Q

What is anomie?

A

Normlessness

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6
Q

What is atrophy?

A

The erosion or breakdown of societies norms and values

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7
Q

Why does functionalism claim that crime happens?

A

When people meet barriers they experience anomie , which may lead to individuals turning to crime to achieve goals , which causes atrophy

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8
Q

What are the 4 functions of crime? (Accourding to Durkhiem)

A

Reinforcing the value consensus and reducing social solidarity

Safety valve

Warning device

Creating jobs

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9
Q

Explain crimes function as a safety valve

A

Davies (1967) suggested that deviancy allowed people to let off steam in a relatively harmless way

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10
Q

Explain crime as a warning device

A

Clinard (1967) claimed that crime/deviance occuring sends a message that anomie is occuring , which prompts governments to intervene

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11
Q

Explain crimes function of creating jobs

A

Davies and Moore - role allocation theory claims that crime forms jobs in the CJS - employment is useful for everyone

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12
Q

Explain crimes function of reinforcing the value consensus and reducing social solidarity

A

Criminals are punished , which reinforces our collective belief in right and wrong , which helps us to remain united as we all believe the same thing

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13
Q

What does Durkheim believe is suggested by high levels of crime?

A

A significant dysfunction in society

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14
Q

What is a strength of Durkhiems thinking? (Evaulation)

A

We do see functionalism in practice in our day-to-day lives

(E.g Rishi Sunak claims about meritocracy)

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15
Q

What would be a Marxist criticism of Durkhiems thinking? (Evaulation)

A

Marxists would argue that the value consensus is constructed by the Bourgeoise to control the working classes

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16
Q

What would feminism argue about Durkhiems functions of crime?

A

That the safety valve function of crime may lead to the explotation of women

17
Q

How does strain theory link to functionalist views of crime?

A

Merton claims that there is constant anomie in society , which is caused by strain , which supports Durkhiems claim that anomie is caused by not meeting cultural goals

18
Q

What are institutionalised means?

A

Accepted ways to meet cultural goals

19
Q

What are 3 criticisms of strain theory?

A

The fact that we dont all have a shared consensus of norms and values

It doesn’t explain non-utilitarian crime

It’s too mechanistic

20
Q

What is non-ultalitarian crime?

A

Crime with no personal gain

(E.g vandalism)

21
Q

What is utilitarian crime?

A

Crime with personal gain

(E.g theft)

22
Q

What is a strength of Hirschi’s work?

A

It has been massively influencial in social policy

23
Q

What are conflicts theories criticism of Hirschis work?

A

Conflict theories would argue that there is no value consensus

24
Q

How did Albert Cohen (1971) develop strain theory?

A

He claimed that strain caused status frustration which means that cultures are likely to create their own status

25
What were the 3 working-class subcultures Cloward and Ohlin highlighted ? (Funtionalism)
Criminal - organised crime gangs Conflict - legitimate of illegitimate groups Retreativist - people who cant join legitimate groups
26
What did Matza (1964) claim about delinquency and drift?
He claimed that everyone has subterranean values which may cause people to drift from society's value consensus , but people will try to neutralise their actions
27
What are the 5 techniques of neutralization? (Matza Drift)
Denial of responsibility Denial of injury Blaming the victim Condeming the condemers Appealing to a higher loyalty
28
Who wrote about focal concerns?
Miller (1962)
29
What are two Marxist criticisms of Functionalist explanations of crime and deviance?
Marxists would argue that societies 'value concencus' is made by the r/c to control the w/c They would argue that mertiocracy doesnt exist in society