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Sociology > Funtionalism, Crime And Deviance > Flashcards

Funtionalism, Crime And Deviance Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is role allication - Davis and Moore link to crime? (Functionalist)

A

They claim that criminals are fulfilling their in society

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2
Q

Explain why funtionalists see crime as a good thing ? (boundary maintenance)

A

Functionalists see crime as an opportunity to refresh the consensus of society by punishment of criminals

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3
Q

How do funtionalists view society in terms of equality

A

They see society as fair and meritocratic

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4
Q

What were Durkhiem’s opinions on the necessity of crime?

A

He believed that crime is an integral part of a healthy societies

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5
Q

What is anomie?

A

Normlessness

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6
Q

What is atrophy?

A

The erosion or breakdown of societies norms and values

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7
Q

Why does functionalism claim that crime happens?

A

When people meet barriers they experience anomie , which may lead to individuals turning to crime to achieve goals , which causes atrophy

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8
Q

What are the 4 functions of crime? (Accourding to Durkhiem)

A

Reinforcing the value consensus and reducing social solidarity

Safety valve

Warning device

Creating jobs

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9
Q

Explain crimes function as a safety valve

A

Davies (1967) suggested that deviancy allowed people to let off steam in a relatively harmless way

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10
Q

Explain crime as a warning device

A

Clinard (1967) claimed that crime/deviance occuring sends a message that anomie is occuring , which prompts governments to intervene

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11
Q

Explain crimes function of creating jobs

A

Davies and Moore - role allocation theory claims that crime forms jobs in the CJS - employment is useful for everyone

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12
Q

Explain crimes function of reinforcing the value consensus and reducing social solidarity

A

Criminals are punished , which reinforces our collective belief in right and wrong , which helps us to remain united as we all believe the same thing

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13
Q

What does Durkheim believe is suggested by high levels of crime?

A

A significant dysfunction in society

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14
Q

What is a strength of Durkhiems thinking? (Evaulation)

A

We do see functionalism in practice in our day-to-day lives

(E.g Rishi Sunak claims about meritocracy)

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15
Q

What would be a Marxist criticism of Durkhiems thinking? (Evaulation)

A

Marxists would argue that the value consensus is constructed by the Bourgeoise to control the working classes

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16
Q

What would feminism argue about Durkhiems functions of crime?

A

That the safety valve function of crime may lead to the explotation of women

17
Q

How does strain theory link to functionalist views of crime?

A

Merton claims that there is constant anomie in society , which is caused by strain , which supports Durkhiems claim that anomie is caused by not meeting cultural goals

18
Q

What are institutionalised means?

A

Accepted ways to meet cultural goals

19
Q

What are 3 criticisms of strain theory?

A

The fact that we dont all have a shared consensus of norms and values

It doesn’t explain non-utilitarian crime

It’s too mechanistic

20
Q

What is non-ultalitarian crime?

A

Crime with no personal gain

(E.g vandalism)

21
Q

What is utilitarian crime?

A

Crime with personal gain

(E.g theft)

22
Q

What is a strength of Hirschi’s work?

A

It has been massively influencial in social policy

23
Q

What are conflicts theories criticism of Hirschis work?

A

Conflict theories would argue that there is no value consensus

24
Q

How did Albert Cohen (1971) develop strain theory?

A

He claimed that strain caused status frustration which means that cultures are likely to create their own status

25
Q

What were the 3 working-class subcultures Cloward and Ohlin highlighted ? (Funtionalism)

A

Criminal - organised crime gangs

Conflict - legitimate of illegitimate groups

Retreativist - people who cant join legitimate groups

26
Q

What did Matza (1964) claim about delinquency and drift?

A

He claimed that everyone has subterranean values which may cause people to drift from society’s value consensus , but people will try to neutralise their actions

27
Q

What are the 5 techniques of neutralization? (Matza Drift)

A

Denial of responsibility

Denial of injury

Blaming the victim

Condeming the condemers

Appealing to a higher loyalty

28
Q

Who wrote about focal concerns?

A

Miller (1962)

29
Q

What are two Marxist criticisms of Functionalist explanations of crime and deviance?

A

Marxists would argue that societies ‘value concencus’ is made by the r/c to control the w/c

They would argue that mertiocracy doesnt exist in society

Sociology (25 decks)

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