PANS ATM Flashcards
ICAO Document + EU regulations under PANS ATM
ICAO DOC 4444
EU Reg 2017/373
FL250 speed adjustments are expressed in
0.01 Mach increments
Below FL250 speed changes are expressed in
Multiples of 10kt IAS
Minor speed adjustments in intermediate and final approach
+-20kts
When is ATC responsible for obstacle clearance
As ICAO DOC 4444 states - when IFR flight being vectored by radar by ATC
Departure wake turbulence between L/M /M/H
2 minutes if same runway position
3 minutes and intermediate runway positions
When is a minimum separation of 2 minutes used for wake
Same runway
Parallel runway less than 760 metres
Crossing runways below 1000ft
Parallel runways greater than 760m but flight path cross below 1000ft
Wake turbulence seperation time for a light aircraft on arrival behind a heavy
3 minutes
Time base Mach number technique
A type of longitudinal seperation
10 minutes = standard
0.02 difference in Mach = 9 minutes
0.03 difference in Mach = 8 minutes
11 - number of .01 difference from 11 = minutes
Horizontal separation by longitudinal and lateral
Longitudinal = time or distance
Lateral = different routes or different geographical areas
Strayed aircraft is defined as
Ac that has deviated significantly from it intended track or which reports that is lost
CTA
Control area in vicinity of airport
Lower limit not less than 700ft AGL
Airways and terminal control areas
CTR
Upwards from surface to specific limit
5nm from aerodrome
Order of airspace from ground upwards
CTA Airspace
TMA Airspace 700ft minimum
Ground (CTR Airspace)
Composite separation
Combination of vertical separation and one other form:
Longitudinal seperation
Or
Lateral separation
How does radar vectoring work
Achieved by issuing the pilot specific headings to enable aircraft to maintain desired track
Separation Minima based on ATS - wake turbulence
Heavy/Heavy = 4nm
Heavy/medium = 5nm
Heavy/light = 6nm
Medium/light = 5 nm
When is the mean surface wind change reported to the pilot (tailwind/headwind/crosswind)
Tailwind = 2kt
Headwind = 10kt
Crosswind = 5kt
When is height above runway threshold given to landing aircraft
For instrument runways if the threshold is 7ft below the aerodrome elevation
Longitudinal seperation minima on same track - Standard
15 minutes
Longitudinal separation minima - same track can be reduced when….
10 minutes if navigation aids permit frequent determination of position and speed
5 minutes if the aircraft is maintains a TAS 20kt faster than the succeeding aircraft
3 minutes if ac is 40kt faster
Approach sequence priority
1 - aircraft compelled to land
2 - hospital aircraft or carrying sick person urgent medical attention
3 - aircraft engaged in search and rescue operations
4 - any other aircraft determined by the appropriate authority
What does PANS Means
Procedures for air navigation services
