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digestive system > Pancreatic secretion. Secretion of bile by the liver. Secretions of the small intestine > Flashcards

Pancreatic secretion. Secretion of bile by the liver. Secretions of the small intestine Flashcards

1
Q

pancreatic secretion - enzyme 1

A

proteases
- trypsinogen
- chymo-trypsinogen

are all inactive forms but once secreted in the small intestine they become activated

function to digest proteins

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2
Q

pancreatic secretion - enzyme 2

A

bicarbonates are produced by pancreatic duct cells

secreted into small intestine

function to neutralise the acidic chyme that comes from stomach

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3
Q

pancreatic secretion - enzyme 3

A

amylases

function to breakdown complex carbohydrates into simple sugars

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4
Q

pancreatic secretion - enzyme 4

A

nucleases

  • ribonucleases
  • deoxyribonucleases

function to digest nucleic acids

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5
Q

pancreatic secretion - enzyme 5

A

lipases

lipolysis: triaglyceride -> diglyceride + fatty acids

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6
Q

pancreatic secretion - hormone 1

A

insulin
- released during eating state released by beta cells
- functions to uptake excess glucose in the blood stream to stored in the form of glycogen
- by glyconeolysis / gluconeogenesis

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7
Q

pancreatic secretion - hormone 2

A

glucagon
- released during fasting state by alpha cells
- functions to breakdown glucagon into glucose where needed in the body

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8
Q

pancreatic secretion - hormone 3

A

somatostatin
- released by delta cells
- inhibits release of both insulin + glucagon

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9
Q

pancreatic secretion - hormone 4

A

pancreatic polypeptide

released by PP cells
regulate other pancreatic enzymes

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10
Q

pancreatic secretion - hormone 5

A

secretin

  • released by S cells of duodenum
  • stimulates pancreatic secretions
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11
Q

pancreatic secretion - innervation 1

A

PNS
- Ach + M
stimulates pancreatic secretion

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12
Q

pancreatic secretion - innervation 2

A

SNS
noadrenaline + B adrenergic receptors
inhibits pancreatic secretion

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13
Q

Secretion of bile by the liver - COMPOSITION 1

A

BILE SALTS

originate from cholesterol
emulsify fats

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14
Q

Secretion of bile by the liver - COMPOSITION 2

A

BILIRUBIN

breakdown waste product of hemoglobin
gives bile yellow-green colour

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15
Q

Secretion of bile by the liver - COMPOSITION 3

A

PHOSPHOLIPIDS

= lecithin helping fat emuslification

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16
Q

Secretion of bile by the liver - COMPOSITION 4

A

cholesterol
= formation of bile acids

17
Q

Secretion of bile by the liver - COMPOSITION 5

A

WATER
- transport fats

18
Q

Secretion of bile by the liver - FORMATION

A

FORMATION

hepatocytes -> bile canaliculi -> common hepatic duct -> duodenum

19
Q

Secretion of bile by the liver - function 1

A

bile functions to emulsify fats into smaller blobs

lipase enzyme now has a large surface area to work on

increasing ROR digestion

20
Q

Secretion of bile by the liver - function 2

A

absorb fat soluble vitamins ADEK in small intestine

21
Q

Secretion of bile by the liver - function 3

A

bile excretes waste products
- bilirubin
- cholesterol

22
Q

Secretions of the small intestine - 1

A

MUCUS

produced by goblet cells/ mucosa glands

functions
- protection
- lubrication
- movement

23
Q

Secretions of the small intestine - 2

A

lactase -> lactose
sucrase -> sucrose
maltase -> maltose

disaccharides -> monosaccharides

24
Q

Secretions of the small intestine - 3

A

BICARBONATE IONS

  • released from brunner glands

functions to neutralise the acidity of stomach making chyme more acidic so when it enters small intestine the chyme is fine

25
Q

Secretions of the small intestine -4

A

PANETH CELLS

lysosomes = digestive hydrolytic enzyme to breakdown bacterial cell walls

26
Q

Secretions of the small intestine - 5

A

PEPTIDASES
breakdown peptides -> amino acids

27
Q

Secretions of the small intestine - hormone 1

A

SECRETIN

produced by S cells of duodenum

released to slow gastric emptying as an inhibition

28
Q

Secretions of the small intestine - hormone 2

A

GASTRIC INHIBITORY PEPTIDE

released by small intestine

release insulin in response to food intake

29
Q

Secretions of the small intestine - hormone 3

A

MOTILIN = stimulates

released during fasting state

promotes migrating motor complex MMC

30
Q

Secretions of the small intestine - hormone 4

A

CCK = inhibits

produced by small intestines

released to slow gastric emptying as an inhibition

digestive system (14 decks)

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