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digestive system > General characteristics of gastrointestinal system. Physiologic anatomy of the gastrointestinal wall > Flashcards

General characteristics of gastrointestinal system. Physiologic anatomy of the gastrointestinal wall Flashcards

1
Q

General Characteristics of the Gastrointestinal System

A
  • main organs
  • accessory organs
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2
Q

General Characteristics of the Gastrointestinal System - 1

A

MOUTH

  • mechanical breakdown of carbohydrates into simple sugars
  • amylase enzyme/ teeth/ tongue
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3
Q

General Characteristics of the Gastrointestinal System - 2

A

PHARYNX

takes simple sugars from mouth to osephagus

nasopharynx -> oropharynx -> laryngopharynx

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4
Q

General Characteristics of the Gastrointestinal System - 3

A

OSEPHAGUS

  • takes food from pharynx to stomach using peristalsis
  • upper osephagal sphincter + lower osephagl sphincter
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5
Q

General Characteristics of the Gastrointestinal System - 4

A

STOMACH

x3 smooth muscle layers to squash/ contract food to mix with gastric juices/ enzymes
forming chyme

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6
Q

General Characteristics of the Gastrointestinal System - 5

A

SMALL INTESTINE

absorption + digestion of nutrients

  • duodenum
  • jejunum
  • illeum
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7
Q

General Characteristics of the Gastrointestinal System - 6

A

LARGE INTESTINE

  • cecum = connected to small intestine = recieve feces
  • colons - ascending/ transverse/ descending/ sigmoid = transporting feces
  • rectum = stores feces
  • anus = releases feces
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8
Q

General Characteristics of the Gastrointestinal System - accessory organ 1

A

SALIVARY GLANDS

  • parotid gland = serous saliva
  • submandibular gland = serous + mucosa saliva
  • sublingual gland = mucosa saliva
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9
Q

General Characteristics of the Gastrointestinal System - accessory organ 2

A

LIVER
- produces bile
- processes nutrients
- detoxifies waste

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10
Q

General Characteristics of the Gastrointestinal System - accessory organ 3

A

GALL BLADDER

storage of bile from the liver to be released into small intestine

  • collum
  • corpus
  • fundus
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11
Q

General Characteristics of the Gastrointestinal System - accessory organ 4

A

PANCREAS

production of digestive enzymes by acinar cells

production of bicarbonate ions by ducts cells

head/ neck/ tail

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12
Q

Physiologic Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal Wall - 1

A

TUNICA MUCOSA = innermost lining

x3 sublayers

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13
Q

Physiologic Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal Wall - 1a

A
  • epithelium = protection/ secretion/ absorption via goblet cells
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14
Q

Physiologic Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal Wall - 1b

A

lamina propria
- layer of connective tissue
- blood vessels, lymph vessels, immune cells

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15
Q

Physiologic Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal Wall - 1c

A
  • muscularis mucosa = muscular movements of food
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16
Q

Physiologic Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal Wall - 2

A

TUNICA SUBMUCOSA

loose connective tissue
blood vessels
lymph vessels
submucosal plexus

17
Q

Physiologic Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal Wall - 3

A

TUNICA MUSCULARIS EXTERNA

18
Q

Physiologic Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal Wall - 3a

A
  • inner circular layer = control diameter of lumen
19
Q

Physiologic Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal Wall - 3b

A
  • outer longitudinal layer = controls length of movement
20
Q

Physiologic Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal Wall - 4

A

TUNICA SEROSA = outermost layer

21
Q

Physiologic Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal Wall - 4a

A

serosa = secretes fluid to reduce friction from GI organs + surrounded structures

22
Q

Physiologic Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal Wall - 4b

A

adventitia = when GI structures are attached to their surrounding structures

23
Q

NERVE SUPPLY

A

ENS

  • myenteric auerbach plexus = between circular + longitduinal layers = controlling motility
  • submucosal meisner plexus = between tunica submucosa controlling absorption + secretion

SNS = inhibits GI tract
PNS = stimulates GI tract

24
Q

BLOOD SUPPLY - 1

A

abdominal aorta

  • a. mesenterica superior
  • a. mesenterica inferior
  • celiac trunk
25
Q

BLOOD SUPPLY - 2

A

GI tract -> liver -> inferior vena cava
1 - portal vein
2 - inferior vena cava

digestive system (14 decks)

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