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digestive system > Basic principles of gastrointestinal absorption. Absorption of water, ions, vitamins and nutrients > Flashcards

Basic principles of gastrointestinal absorption. Absorption of water, ions, vitamins and nutrients Flashcards

1
Q

Basic principles of gastrointestinal absorption - SURFACE AREA

A

SURFACE AREA

  • rugae folds = large surface area
  • villi = finger projections coming out of folds
  • microvilli = coming out of villi forming brush border of small intestine
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2
Q

Basic principles of gastrointestinal absorption - TIGHT JUNCTIONS

A

located between adjacent enterocytes
to control what enters/ exits

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3
Q

Basic principles of gastrointestinal absorption - ENZYMES

A

ENZYMES

  • lipase: triglycerides -> fatty acids + glycerol
  • amylase: complex carbohydrates -> simple sugars
  • pepsinogen: proteins -> amino acids
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4
Q

Basic principles of gastrointestinal absorption - transport type 1

A

passive diffusion
high conc to low conc
- no energy needed

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5
Q

Basic principles of gastrointestinal absorption - transport type 2

A

facilitated diffusion
high conc to low conc
using specific transport proteins

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6
Q

Basic principles of gastrointestinal absorption - transport type 3

A

active transport
low conc to high conc
- using ATP

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7
Q

Basic principles of gastrointestinal absorption - transport type 4

A

ENDOCYTOSIS

bulk transport into cell using vesicular transport

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8
Q

Basic principles of gastrointestinal absorption - MICROBIOTA

A

gut bacteria involved in vitamin synthesis

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9
Q

Basic principles of gastrointestinal absorption - REGULATION

A

REGULATION

NEURAL
HORMONES (5)
MECHANICAL
REFLEX - ENTEROGASTRIC

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10
Q

Basic principles ofgastrointestinal absorption - PERMEABILITY

A

PERMEABILITY

paracellular transport
transcellular transport

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11
Q

ABSORPTION OF WATER - 1

A

small intestine
= main site to absorb water
- by osmosis/ active/ passive

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12
Q

ABSORPTION OF WATER - 2

A

large intestine
= secondary site
absorbs water out of chyme leaving stool (poop)

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13
Q

ABSORPTION OF IONS - active

A

sodium
calcium

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14
Q

ABSORPTION OF IONS - passive

A

chloride
potassium

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15
Q

ABSORPTION OF VITAMIN - fat soluble

A

fat soluble = ADEK
- absorbed in jejunum

incorporated into micelles put into epithelial cells
then
incorporated into chylomicrons put into lymphatic system -> bloodstream

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16
Q

ABSORPTION OF VITAMIN - water soluble

A

water soluble - B/C
- absorbed in jejunum/ ileum

  • absorbed by active transport/ FD
17
Q

ABSORPTION OF NUTRIENTS

A

CARBOHYDRATES
PROTEINS
FATS

digestive system (14 decks)

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