Pancreas + biliary tract anatomy + physiology

Question 1

Pancreas parasympathetic supply

Answer 1

vagus nerve

Question 2

Pancreas sympathetic supply

Answer 2

coeliac axis

Question 3

What can fill with fluid in pancreatitis?

Answer 3

the lesser sac

Question 4

Structures anterior to pancreas

Answer 4

stomach
lesser sac
transverse mesocolon
superior mesenteric artery

Question 5

Structures posterior to pancreas

Answer 5

aorta
IVC
right renal artery
right and left renal veins
superior mesenteric vessels
splenic vein
hepatic portal vein
left kidney
left suprarenal gland

Question 6

Structure superior to pancreas

Answer 6

splenic artery

Question 7

Structure lateral to pancreas

Answer 7

spleen

Question 8

Structure medial to pancreas

Answer 8

duodenum

Question 9

Which cells of the pancreas produce enzymes?

Answer 9

acinar cells

Question 10

What are zymogens?

Answer 10

proteins that contain an inactive enzyme
proteases activated at place where they do their work

Question 11

Contents of pancreatic juices

Answer 11

trypsinogen
chymotrypsinogen
proelastase
proprotease E
procarboxypeptidase A
procarboxypeptidase B
prophospholipase

Question 12

How do zymogens get activated?

Answer 12

takes place in intestinal lumen
trypsinogen is activated by hydrolysis

Question 13

What is the main job of the pancreatic ductal cells?

Answer 13

make a bicarbonate rich fluid

Question 14

What are bile acids made from?

Answer 14

cholesterol

Question 15

What happens when too much bile salt is produced?

Answer 15

turn off absorption of bile salts in bowel
hormone produced that turns off bile salt production

Question 16

What stimulates gallbladder contraction?

Answer 16

CCK (cholecystokinin) circulates in bloodstream
binds to muscle cells and stimulates gallbladder contraction