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Gastroenterology > Oesophageal + gastric cancer > Flashcards

Oesophageal + gastric cancer Flashcards

1
Q

4 oesophageal layers

A

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externae
adventitia

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2
Q

2 histological types of oesophageal carcinoma

A

adenocarcinoma
SCC

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3
Q

Where is the commonest location of an adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus?

A

oesophagogastric junction

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4
Q

What is a normal oesophagus lined by?

A

pale pink stratified squamous epithelium

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5
Q

What is the lining of the stomach?

A

salmon-coloured columnar epithelium

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6
Q

What is Barrett’s oesophagus?

A

columnar epithelium grows into oesophagus (intestinal metaplasia)

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7
Q

What may a nodule in Barrett’s oesophagus be?

A

high grade dysplasia
or an early cancer

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8
Q

Presentation of oesophageal cancer (alarm symptoms)

A

progressive dysphagia (cancer until proven otherwise)
change to liquid diet
weight loss
regurgitation
persistent reflux not responding to PPI

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9
Q

What is the best imaging investigation for diagnosing oesophageal cancer?

A

upper GI endoscopy

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10
Q

Curative treatment of oesophageal cancer

A

chemo + surgery

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11
Q

Palliative treatment of oesophageal cancer

A

chemo +/- stent for any obstructions

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12
Q

What chemotherapy regimen is most commonly used for oesophageal cancer?

A

FLOT
Fluorouracil
Leucovorin
Oxaliplatin
Docetaxel

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13
Q

What surgery is used in oesophageal cancer?

A

oesophagectomy

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14
Q

Most common cause of gastric adenocarcinoma

A

Helicobacter Pylori

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15
Q

What can helicobacter pylori cause?

A

peptic ulcer disease
gastric adenocarcinoma
chronic gastritis
MALToma

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16
Q

Risk factors for gastric cancer

A

male
age
ethnicity (10x commoner in far east)
H pylori
obesity
cigarette smoking
pernicious anaemia
previous gastrectomy
gastric polyps
FAP, Lynch syndrome etc.

17
Q

Gastric cancer presentation

A

iron deficiency anaemia
early satiety
weight loss
abdominal pain/mass
reflux
non-healing gastric ulcer

18
Q

How can gastric cancer present in an emergency?

A

haematemesis
melaena
gastric outlet obstruction
perforated gastric ulcer
disseminated disease eg. ascites

19
Q

How is gastric cancer diagnosed?

A

gastroscopy with biopsies

20
Q

Curative treatment of gastric cancer

A

chemo + surgery - gastrectomy

21
Q

Palliative treatment of gastric cancer

A

chemo +/- stent

22
Q

What surgery is used for gastric cancer?

A

total gastrectomy

23
Q

Complications of total gastrectomy

A

weight loss
dumping syndrome
nutritional deficiencies

Gastroenterology (43 decks)

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