Pancreas

Question 1

Location of alpha and beta cells

Answer 1

Inside the islets of langerhans surrounded by acinus (of exocrine tissue)

Question 2

Alpha cells secrete

Answer 2

Glucagon (glycogen into glucose)

Question 3

Beta cells secrete

Answer 3

Insulin (glucose into glycogen)

Question 4

Releasing insulin

Answer 4

Blood glucose is high = glucose diffuses into beta cells
Glucose metabolised into ATP
ATP closes potassium ion channels
K+ conc increase inside causes Ca2+ channels to open
Ca2+ causes vesicles to fuse with the cell membrane
Insulin released

Question 5

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 5

Insulin-dependent diabetes
Possibly autoimmune response
No/little beta cells therefore lower insulin production

Question 6

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 6

Non-insulin-dependent diabetes

Receptors become less responsive to insulin

Question 7

Treating type 1 diabetes

Answer 7

Insulin injections
Insulin pump therapy
Islet cell transplantation
Pancreas transplant

Question 8

Treating type 2 diabetes

Answer 8

Change in life style
Monitored diet with matched carbohydrate intake and use
Drugs that absorb glucose from blood