Pancreas

Question 1

What are 3 key cell types that are improtant to exocrine fucntion of pancreas

Answer 1

acinar, duct, goblet

Question 2

function of acinar cell

Answer 2

protein synthesizing cells

secrete digestive enzyme and fluid

Question 3

functino of duct cell

Answer 3

secretes bicarb

helps with ion and water transport

Question 4

function of goblet cell

Answer 4

secrete mucin

Question 5

What are 2 primary stimuli for fluid and enzyme secretion by pancreatic acinar cells

Answer 5

CCK

Ach

Question 6

function of CCK

Answer 6

promote fluid and enzyme secretion
promote through Ca++ signaling docking and vesicular release
will give neg feedback after there is enough fluid/enzymes

Question 7

what do CCK and Ach both do

Answer 7

promote vesicle fusion, regulate Cl- ion channel

Question 8

how are zymogens stores in pancrea

Answer 8

in vesicles with trypsin inhibitor. low pH of vesicle prevents enzyme activation

Question 9

how are symogens activated in duodenum

Answer 9

entereopeptidase is secreted which converts trypsinogen to trypsin

Question 10

What is the primary stimulus for secretion of bicarbonate from pancreatic duct cells

Answer 10

secretin

Question 11

function of secretion

Answer 11

protect duodenal epithelium from acid by secreting bicarb

gives neg feedback to stomach

Question 12

what are the 3 phases of pancreatic seceretion

Answer 12

cephalic, gastric, intestinal

Question 13

how is the cephalic phase stimulated

Answer 13

sight, smell, taste, masticulation

Question 14

how is the gastric phase stimulated

Answer 14

distension, gastrin, peptides/peptone

Question 15

how is the intestinal phase stimulated

Answer 15

amino acids
fatty acids
H+

Question 16

how is cephalic phase regulated

Answer 16

vagal pathway

Question 17

how is gastric phase regulated

Answer 17

vagal/gastrin pwathway

Question 18

how is intestinal phase reulgated

Answer 18

CCK, secretion, enteropancreatic reflex

Question 19

what is the stimulus for returning the levels of pancreatic secretion from the fed state to interdigestive state

Answer 19

release of peptide YY and somatostatin

Question 20

how does blood move through the liver

Answer 20

form portal vein to central vein

Question 21

how does bile move through the liver

Answer 21

from the central vein to the portal vein

Question 22

uptake in liver

Answer 22

freely diffused across the basolateral membrane

facilitated by FCTP

Question 23

transport in liver

Answer 23

intracellular movements can be directed by binding more

Question 24

biotransofrmation phase I

Answer 24

expsoe a functional group

Question 25

biotransprotion phase II

Answer 25

making it more water soluble, and larger

Question 26

secretion

Answer 26

secretion of produces across apical or basolateral membrane

Question 27

what goes into blood

Answer 27

more water soluble

Question 28

what goes into bile

Answer 28

less water soluble

Question 29

bile salt biosynthetic pathway

Answer 29

cholesterol to bile acid to bile salt

Question 30

what transforms secondary bile acids

Answer 30

gut bacteria

Question 31

what secretes bile salts

Answer 31

liver

Question 32

what inhibits secretion of bile into duodenum

Answer 32

somatostatine

Question 33

what promotes secretion of bile into duodenum

Answer 33

CCK

Question 34

what is enterohepatic cirucalation

Answer 34

recycling of bile

Question 35

pancreastitis

Answer 35

inflammation of pancreas | decreases secretion of digestive enzymes which causes malaboprtion of dietary nutrients

Question 36

portal hypertension

Answer 36

high blood pressure in protal venous system | leads to varices, splenomegaly, ascities and hepatic encephalopthy

Question 37

jaudice

Answer 37

yellowing of skin due to elevated bilirubin | impaired bile excretion from liver

Question 38

cirrhosis

Answer 38

fibrosis of hepatic tissue resulting in altered hepatic blood flow and function causes portal hypertension, jaundice

Question 39

cholestasis

Answer 39

impaired bile flow | caused by choleslithiasis and cholescysitis

Question 40

cholithaisis

Answer 40

gallstone formation | overproduction of cholesterol or impaired production of bile salts

Question 41

cholecystitis

Answer 41

inflammation of gallbladder | can be caused by stones lodged in cystic duct