Introduction to GI

Question 1

Enteric nervous system

Answer 1

branch of ANS located entirely within GI tract.

Question 2

what is enteric nerous sytem recieve regulation from

Answer 2

PNS and SNS

Question 3

Is Ach excitiory or inhibitory

Answer 3

excititory

Question 4

function of Ach

Answer 4

vasodilation
increased secretion
smooth muscle contraction

Question 5

is NO excitiory or inhibitory

Answer 5

inhibitory

Question 6

function of NO

Answer 6

vasocontriction
inhibit smooth muscle contraction
decreased secretions

Question 7

is serotonin excitiory or inhibitory

Answer 7

excitory

Question 8

function of serotonin

Answer 8

vasodilation
increased secretion
smooth muscle contraction

Question 9

is dopamine excitory or inhibitory

Answer 9

inhibitory

Question 10

function of dopamine

Answer 10

inhibit ENS neuronal firing

acts on presynaptic D2 cells

Question 11

is NO excitiory or inhibitory

Answer 11

inhibitory

Question 12

function of NO

Answer 12

smooth muscle relaxation

vascular and GI

Question 13

is VIP excitory or inhibitory

Answer 13

inhibitory

Question 14

function of VIP

Answer 14

smooth muscle relaxation

vascular and GI

Question 15

What are the primary regulators of GI smooth muscle

Answer 15

Ach, VIP, NO

Question 16

resting slow wave

Answer 16

continous depolarization and repolarization

Question 17

spike potential

Answer 17

potential for rapid depolarization at peak of resting slow waves, given an appropriate stimulus

Question 18

function of spinctors

Answer 18

regulate antegrade and retrograde movement

Question 19

upper esophageal spincter

Answer 19

closed during inspiration

Question 20

lower esophageal spincter

Answer 20

prevents reflux

Question 21

pylorix sphicter

Answer 21

regulates gastric emptying

Question 22

iocecal spincter

Answer 22

ileum distension relaxes

ascending colon distension causes contraction

Question 23

internal anal spincter

Answer 23

involuntary control

distension of rectum relaxes sphincter

Question 24

external anal spincter

Answer 24

volutnary contraction can override defecation reflex

Question 25

key regulators of spincter opening

Answer 25

NO and VIP cause relazatino

Question 26

Source of CCK

Answer 26

duodenum

Question 27

target of CCK

Answer 27

pancrease, gallbladder, stomach, spincter of oddi

Question 28

function of CCK

Answer 28

increase enzyme secretion increase contraction decrease gastric emptying increase relaxation

Question 29

source of gastrin

Answer 29

G cell

Question 30

target of G cell

Answer 30

parietal, ECL, D cell

Question 31

function of gastrin

Answer 31

promote gastric acid secretion

Question 32

source of motilin

Answer 32

upper GI

Question 33

target of motilin

Answer 33

stomach, duodenum

Question 34

action of motilin

Answer 34

increase smooth muscle contraction (key player in MMC)

Question 35

source of peptide YY

Answer 35

ileum, colon

Question 36

target of peptide YY

Answer 36

panacrease

Question 37

action of peptide YY

Answer 37

decrease enzyme and fluid secretion

Question 38

source of secretin

Answer 38

duodenum

Question 39

target of secretin

Answer 39

pancreas, stomach

Question 40

action of secretin

Answer 40

increase bicard secretion decrease acid secretion delay gastric emptying

Question 41

source of somatostatin

Answer 41

stomach, duodenum, pancreatic cells

Question 42

target of somatostatin

Answer 42

stomach, intestine, pancreas, liver

Question 43

action of somatostatin

Answer 43

decrease acid secretion increase fluid absorption decrease secretions decrease bile flow

Question 44

source of prostaglandin

Answer 44

stomach, intestine/immune cells

Question 45

target of prostaglandin

Answer 45

stomach, intestine

Question 46

action of prostatgland on the stomach

Answer 46

increase blood flow decrease acid secretion increase mucus/bicab secretion

Question 47

action of prostaglandin on intestine

Answer 47

increase motility | increase fluid secretion

Question 48

source of histamine

Answer 48

stomach, intestine/immune cells

Question 49

target of histamine

Answer 49

stomach, intestine

Question 50

affect of histamine on stomach

Answer 50

increase acid secretion

Question 51

affect of histamine on intestine

Answer 51

increase fluid secretion