pancreas Flashcards
what is the endocrine component of the pancreas?
islets of langherhans
how many cell types does the islet of langherhans have? what are they?
5
- Alpha cells
- Beta cells
- Delta cells
- G cells
what do alpha cells produce?
glucagon
what do beta cells produce?
insulin
what do delta cells produce?
somatostatin
what do G cells produce?
gastrin
what is the exocrine pancreas composed of?
acini
what do acini have in their lumen?
centroacinar cells
what do acini produce?
digestive enzymes
what causes the pancreas to release enzymes?
cholecystokinin
acetylcholine
what are the pancreatic enzymes?
pancreatic amylase
pancreatic lipase
ribonuclease
deoxyribunuclease
elastase
proenzymes: chemotrypsinogen and trypsinogen
who produces bicarbonate?
centroacinar and striated ductal cells
what does bicarbonate do?
neutralize stomach acids
who regulates bicarbonate buffer?
secretin
where does the endocrine pancreas empty into?
in to the bloodstream
where does the exocrine pancreas empty into?
into intestines
what is the pink big circle?
islet of langherhans
what is this?
pancreas
what is circled here?
acini
what does insulin promote?
uptake of glucose and storage of it as glycogen
what is a tell-tale sign of diabetes?
glucose in the urine
what is type 1 diabetes?
you have too little insulin
what is type 2 diabetes?
inactive insulin receptors
what is type 3 Diabetes?
lack of insulin receptors in the brain
what does glucagon do?
it increases levels of blood glucose through gluconeogenesis
what does somatostatin do?
it inhibits insulin and glucagon secretion
what does gastrin do?
promote stomach motility and secretion
what is pancreatitis?
pancreas digests itself
what causes acute pancreatitis?
gallstones
what causes chronic pancreatitis?
alchohol
what will you see in the plasma?
increased levels of amylase and lipase
does pancreatic cancer have a good prognosis?
no; 1 year
what is the most common type of pancreatic cancer?
adenocarcinoma
what is happening here?
adenocarcinoma of pancreas
