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Histology Block 2 > kidney pics > Flashcards

kidney pics Flashcards

1
Q

where is this?

A

cortex

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2
Q

which is distal which is proximal?

where is this?

can the glomerulus be idetified?

A

proximal = filled with pink

distal = empty center

its in the cortex;

yes it can be identifies

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3
Q

what does the thin limb do?

what does the thick limb do?

what are their respective epithelium?

A

pulls water from the filtrate (concentrates urine)

the thick pumps ions out to decrease osmolarity

thick= cuboidal

thin=squamous

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4
Q

what is in this picture?

A

podocyte and its pedicle (arrow)

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5
Q

what do mesagial cells do?

A

engulf any protein accumulated on the capillary

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6
Q

how are endothelial cells in the kidney?

A

fenestrated with pedicles of podocytes

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7
Q

what does the proximal tubule do?

A

helps with reabsorption of glucose and sodium using microvilli

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8
Q

what does the distal tubule do?

when do they do their function?

A

Na and K retention

they work in presence of aldosterone

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9
Q

what does the collecting tube do? what happens if there is ADH?

A

it collects all the filtrate and if there is ADH it will lose some of its water

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10
Q

where is the macula densa? what epithelium they have?

A

in front of the afferent arteriole

they have columnar cells

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11
Q

what is this?

A

thin limb

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12
Q

where is this?

what are the T, CD, and the cells that have almost like a star in their center?

A

medulla

t = thin limb

star = thick limb

CD= collecting duct

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13
Q

how permeable is the collecting duct to water?

A

very impermeable

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14
Q

where do we acidify our urine?

A

collecting duct

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15
Q

what are the dark cells

and light cells?

A

dark = secretion of bicarbonate and protons

light = measures flow (ADH regulated aquaporin2 water channels)

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16
Q

what is a and b?

A

a = dark cells

b = light cell

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17
Q

what does the macula densa do?

A

measure flow

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18
Q

what do JGlomerular cells do?

A

they increase flow of filtrate releasing renin

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19
Q

explain the renin-angiotensin cascade?

A

low filtrate recognized by macula densa

JG cells secrete renin

renin gets to liver

liver cleaves angiotensinogen/produces angiontensin I

angiotensin I goes to lungs

angiotensin converting enzymes convert Angio I to Angio II

Angio II causes increase in blood volume

20
Q

do distal or proximal tubules have microvilli?

A

distal no

proximal yes

21
Q

who helps the macula densa and JG cells communicate?

A

mesagial cells

22
Q

what is this?

A

macula densa

23
Q

where is the concentration of urea, sodium and chloride higher in the medulla?

A

ther further down you go into the medulla

24
Q

the ascending thick limb pull what out and what follows?

A

pulls Cl out and Na follows

25
Q

is the descending thin limb permeable to water?

A

yes, it pulls water out

26
Q

through were does the urea enter?

A

through the ascending thin limb

27
Q

the ureters have what epithelium?

A

transitional

28
Q

where is this?

A

ureter

29
Q

where is this?

A

ureter

30
Q

where is this?

A

ureter

31
Q

where is this?

A

ureter

32
Q

what does the ureterovesicular junction do?

A

prevents urine backflow

33
Q

where is this?

A

bladder

34
Q

what is this?

A

baldder

35
Q

where is this?

A

bladder

36
Q

what epithelium is the urethra

A

stratified squamous

37
Q

where is this?

A

urethra

38
Q

what are these?

A

bulbous cavernosum and spongiosum

39
Q

what is alport syndrome?

A

defect in tye 4 collagen

40
Q

what is goodpastures?

A

autoimmune response to attack the glomerular basement membrane

41
Q

what is IgA nephropathy?

A

IgA accumulates in kidney causing to leak blood

(youll see blood in urine)

42
Q

wha tis interstitial nephritis?

A

the spaces between the kidney tubules get swollen

related to nsaids and diuretics

43
Q

what is chronic kidney disease?

A

high levels on creatinine causing failure of glomerular filtration

44
Q

what are kidney stones?

A

crystal aggregation on the kidneys

45
Q

in diabetes there is decrease of what hormone that interacts in the kidney?

A

ADH

you have polyurea

46
Q

what happens in diabetes mellitus?

A

insulin spills in urine

Histology Block 2 (8 decks)

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