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Pathology > Pancreas > Flashcards

Pancreas Flashcards

0
Q

Initial 48 hrs in acute pancreatitis

A 
CHOBBS
Ca 10%
O2 5
Base deficit >4
Sequestration >6L
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1
Q

Ransons criteria

A 
GALAW
Glucose >200
AST >250
LDH >350
WBC >16000
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2
Q

Most appropriate treatment for acute pancreatitis

A

Bowel rest NPO

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3
Q

Most appropriate analgesic for patient with acute pancreatitis

A

Meperidine ( does not cause dysfunction of sphincter of oddi)

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4
Q

Mcc of chronic pancreatitis

A

Long term alcohol abuse

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5
Q

Strongest environmental influence in Pancreatic adeno ca

A

Cigarette smoking

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6
Q

Mc location of pancreati adeno ca

A

Head

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7
Q

True or false

Carcinoma of the body and tail of the pancreas do not impinge on the billiary tract

A

True

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8
Q

Painless obstructive jaundice

Trosseau sign

A

Pancreatic carcinoma

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9
Q

Tumor marker for pancreatic ca

A

CA 19-9

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10
Q

Surgical tx for pancreatic ca

A

Whipples procedure (pancreaticoduodenectomy)

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11
Q

Can be mistaken for pancreatic ca

A

Mirrizi syndrome

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12
Q

2 main vascular cells

A

Endothelial- intima

Smooth muscle - media

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13
Q

Weibel palade bodies

A

Endothelial cells

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14
Q

TRUE aneurysm

A

Syphilitic
Atherosclerotic
Congenital aneurysm

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15
Q

Aortic dissection vs false aneurysm

A

Aortic dissection- blood in single vessel layer

False aneurysm- blood in two vessel layer

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16
Q

Defect at the junction of the communicating branches with the main cerebral vessels (ant communicating artery)

Sudden occipital HA

A

Berry aneurysm

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17
Q

Asso.w/ tertiary syphilis

Invasion of vasa vasorum of thoracic aorta (obliterative endarteritis)

Aortic valve regurgitation

A

Syphilitic aneurysm

Invasion of vasa vasorumā€“> hypoxia and death of tunica media ā€“> aorta loss elastic recoilā€“> syphilitic

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18
Q

Dissection of blood between laminar parts of tunica MEDIA

A

Aortic dissection/dissecting hematoma

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19
Q

Type A and type B in aortic dissection/ dissecting hematoma

A

Type A - proximal ( ascending or both ascending an d descending)ā€“> surgery

Type B - distal (begins at distal subclavian artery)

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20
Q

Most frequent pre existing histologic lesion in aortic dissection

A

Cystic medial degeneration/ necrosis

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21
Q

Mc locations of varicose veins

A

Superficial saphenous veins
Distal esophagus
Anorectal regions
Left scrotal sac

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22
Q

Varicose vein does not lead to thromboembolism

A

True

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23
Q

Important clinical finding in aortic dissection

A

Loss of UPPER extremity pulses

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24
Q

Mc location of phlebothrombosis

A

Calf deep vein

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25
Q

Vein thrombosis without inflammation

Caused by blood stasis or hypercoagulability

A

Phlebothrombosis

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26
Q

Orange discoloration and ischemic ulcers around ankles

A

Phlebothrombosis

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27
Q

Puffiness, cyanosis of head, neck, arm veins

Asso.with Primary lung Ca or mediastinal lymphoma

A

SVC syndrome

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28
Q

Compression of the neurovascular components of the neck

Spastic anterior scalene muscles

A

Thoracic outlet syndrome

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29
Q

Hardening of the arteries

A

Arteriosclerosis

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30
Q

2 types of arteriosclerosis

A

Hyaline variant ā€“ major charac. Of benign nephrosclerosis

Hyperplastic variant ā€“ (+) concentric hypertrophy

31
Q

Mc site of atherosclerosis

A

Abdminal aorta

32
Q

Complication of atherosclerosis

A

Superimposed thrombosis

MI, stroke, Small bowel infarction

33
Q

Criteria for hypertensive heart disease

A

LVH in absence of cardiac pathology

34
Q

Earliest manifestation of hypertensive heart disease

A

Inc.in the transverse diameter of myocytes

35
Q

P-ANCA

A

Churg strauss syndrome, microscopic polyangitis

Ab against myeloperoxidase (MPO)

36
Q

C-ANCA

A

Wegener granulomatosis

Ab against proteinase 3

37
Q

Mc form of systemic vasculitis in adults

A

Temporal (giant cell) arteritis

38
Q

Artery involve in temporal giant cell arteritis

A

Temporal artery

Opthalmic artery

39
Q

Pulseless disease

A

Takayasu arteritis

40
Q

Segmental transmural necrotizing inflammation of small to medium sized arteries

More of renal artery
Does not affect the pulmonary arteries

A

PAN

41
Q

Young adult
Positive HBsAg
Fatal ā€“ RF but no GN

A

PAN

42
Q

Mc acquired heart dsea in children

Coronary artery most often affected

A

Kawasaki

43
Q

Treatment of KAWASAKI

A

ASA, IVIg

44
Q

Only indication for ASA in children

A

RF
Kawasaki
Juvenile RA

45
Q

Allergic granulomatosisa and angitis

A

Churg strauss syndrome

46
Q

Triad of Wegener granulomatosis

A

Necrotizing granuloma
Necrotizing vasculitis
Necrotizing glomerulitis

47
Q

Cā€™s of wegener

A

C anca
Cyclophosphamide
Corticosteroid
Cresentricn GN

48
Q

Resting pain of forefoot

A

Thromboangitis Obliterans

49
Q

Normal weight of heart

A

300-350g (50g less in females)

50
Q

Inc. BNP
Left sided S3
Inc.BNP
Bat wing configuration

A

Left sided heart failure

51
Q

Causes of high output heart failure

A

Beri beri
Anemia
Hyperthyroidism
AV fistula

52
Q

Mc congenital disease

A

VSD, followed by asd, ps, pda, tof

53
Q

Mc genetic risk for chd

A

Down syndrome

54
Q

L to R shunt

Acyanotic

A

Asd, vsd, pda avsd

55
Q

Mc cyanotic congenital heart dsea.

A

TOF

56
Q

Component of TOF

A

Pulmonic stenosis
RVH
Overriding of VSD by the aorta
VSD

57
Q

Tet spells, do squatting

A

TOF

58
Q

Boot shaped heart

A

TOF

59
Q

Egg shaped cardiac silhouette

A

Transposition of great vessels

60
Q

Mc adult chd

A

ASD

61
Q

Mc type of ASD?

A

Secundum

62
Q

Chd with fixed widely split S2

A

ASD

63
Q

Mc CHD

A

VSD

64
Q

Chd asso.with congenital rubella

A

PDA

65
Q

Machinery murmur

A

Pda

66
Q

Death within one hour
Occurs early morning
CAD-90%

A

Sudden cardiac death

67
Q

Romano ward syndrome (AD long QT syndrome)

Brugada syndrome

A

Sudden cardiac death

68
Q

ST elevation, Q waves
Full thickness, transmural
Early mortality rate

A

Q wave infarction MI

69
Q

Partial thickness/subendocardial
ST depression
Inc risk for SCD

A

Non Q wave MI

70
Q

Coagulation necrosis in M.I happens at what hour

A

4-12 hrs

Wavy fibers and myoctolysis

71
Q

Reperfusion in M.I

A

6 hrs ā€“ no appreciable reduction in M.I size

72
Q

Opening snap

A

Mitral stenosis

73
Q

Midsystolic click

A

Mitral valve prolapse

74
Q

Austin flint murmur

A

Aortic regurgitation

75
Q

Graham steel murmur

A

Pulmo regurgitation

Pathology (11 decks)

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