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Pathology > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

0
Q

Somatotroph adenoma

A

Gigantism (children)

Acromegaly (adult)

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1
Q

Corticotroph adenoma

Acth

A

Cushing syndrome – pituitary source

Nelson syndrome – after sx removal of adrenal glands

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2
Q

Most frequent type of hyperfunctioning pituitary adenoma

A

Prolactinoma

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3
Q

Hypopituarism

A

Non functioning pituitary adenoma
Sheehan syndrome
Pituitary apoplexy
Empty sella syndrome

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4
Q

Adenoma that presents with bitemporal hemianopsia

A

Pituitary adenoma, nonfunctioning

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5
Q

Pospartum necrosis of anterior pituitary

A

Sheehan syndrome

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6
Q

Triad of:
HA, diplopia, hypopituitarism
–> neurosurgical E

A

Pituitary apoplexy

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7
Q

Post. Pituitary syndrome

A

SIADH

Diabetes insipidus

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8
Q

Central DI vs. nephrogenic DI

A

Central – lack ADH

Nephrogenic – collecting tubule refractory to ADH
– lithium, demeclocycline

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9
Q

Water deprivation test

Central vs nephrogenic DI

A

Central – Urine osm. >50% from baseline

DI – < 50

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10
Q

Mcc of SIADH

A

Small cell lung CA

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11
Q

Drug that can cause SIADH

A

Chlopropamide

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12
Q

Mcc of hypopituitarism in children
Derived from rathke’s pouch
Mutation in WNT signaling pathway

A

Craniopharyngioma

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13
Q

Mcc of hypothyroidism

Asso with CTL4 polymorphism

A

Hashimoto thyroiditis

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14
Q

Anti thyroglobulin

Anti TPO

A

Hashimoto

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15
Q

Hurthle cells

A

Hashimoto thyroiditis

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16
Q

Aka granulomatous thyroiditis
De quervins thyroiditis
Giant cell thyroiditis

Triggered by Viral infection (coxsackie)

A

Subacute thyroiditis

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17
Q

Painless thyroiditis

Postpartum thyroiditis

A

Lymphocytic thyroiditis

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18
Q

Triad of graves disease

A

Hyperthyroidism
Opthalmopathy
Dermopathy (pre tibial myx edema)

19
Q

Graves disease morphology

A

Diffuse thyroid hypertrophy and hyperplasia

Infiltrative opthalmopathy

20
Q

Enlargement of the entire gland w/o producing nodularity

A

Diffuse non toxic goiter

21
Q

Geographic areas with low levels of iodine

A

Endemic goiter

22
Q

Goitrogens

A

Cabbage, cauliflower, sprout, turnips
Cassava
Thiocyanate

23
Q

Acquired cond’n that interfere w/ thyroid hormone synthesis

A

Sporadic goiter

24
Q

Produce most extreme thyroid enlargement, frequently mistaken for neoplastic involvement

A

Multinodular goiter

25
Q

Intrathoracic or plunging goiter

A

Multinodular goiter

26
Q

Aka follicular adenoma

A

Thyroid adenoma

27
Q

Hurtle cell

A

Hashimoto
Thyroid (follicular) adenoma
Follicular carcinoma

28
Q

Mc primary thyroid ca in children and adult

Asso.with radiation exposure

A

Papillary thyroid ca

29
Q

Psammoma bodies

Orphan annie nuclie

A

Papillary thyroid ca

30
Q

Solitary Cold nodule

Dietary iodinr deficiency

A

Follicular thyroid ca

31
Q

Neuroendocrine neoplasms derived from parafollicular cells, or C cells

Secrete calcitonin

Sporadic

MEN 2A 2B syndrome

A

Medullary thyroid ca

32
Q

Conditions that decreases PTH

A 
Hypercalcemia of malignany
Vit D toxicity
Immobility
Thiazide diuretic
Granulomatous disease (sarcoidosis)
33
Q

Kimmelstiel wilson nodule

A

DM

34
Q

Diabetic retinopathy

A

Accumulation of sorbitol and AGEs

35
Q

Pancreatic endocrine neoplasm

A

Gastrinoma

Insulinoma

36
Q

Mc pancreatic endocrine neoplasm

Asso.with MEN syndrome (80%)

A

Insulinoma

37
Q

Mcc of hypercortisolism (cushing)

A

Exogenous glucocorticoid (iatrogenic cushing syndrome)

Endogenous—acth

38
Q

Primary vs secondary hyperaldosteronis

A

Primary– AUTONOMOUS over production
– supress RAAS –> dec plasma renin

Secondary – occur in response to activation of RAAS. –> inc. plasma renin

39
Q

Spironolactone bodies

A

Hyperaldosteronism

40
Q

Mcc of addison disease

A

Autoimmune destruction

41
Q

Pheochromocytoma rule of 10

A 
10% extra adrenal (paraganglioma)
10% bilateral
10% biologically malignant
10% not asso.w/ HPN
10-25% harbor a germline mutation
42
Q

Salt and pepper chromatin

Potassium dichromate turns tumor a dark brown color

A

Pheochromocytoma

43
Q

MEN 1

A

WERMER syndrome
Parathyroid adenoma
Pancreatic tumor
Pituitary tumor

44
Q

MEN 2A

A

Sipple syndrome

Pathology (11 decks)

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