Pan And Loaf + Weathering

Question 1

Pan formation

Answer 1

At low tide, water retreats and leaves deposits of water
Results in salt crystallisation - salt crystal move at base + erode more
Rock is shaped like a pan

Question 2

Loaf formation

Answer 2

Rock remains submerged in water for longer
No crystallisation
Regular erosion means smooth edges
Rock is shaped like loaves

Question 3

Frost shattering

Answer 3

Daily temp change = expansion + contraction

Question 4

Freeze thaw

Answer 4

Water freezes in joints + expands (9%)
Makes angular + jagged rock face
Material accumulated at bottom (scree slope)

Question 5

Salt crystallisation

Answer 5

Water left on cliff then evaporates - leaves Na and Mg

Crystals in rocks grow - forces rock to break

Question 6

Oxidation

Answer 6

Chemical reaction with iron minerals (red/orange colour)

Rock crumbles away to make erosion easier

Question 7

Carbonation

Answer 7

Dissolution of limestone from rain (carbonic acid) to calcium bicarbonate

Question 8

Hydrolysis

Answer 8

Minerals break down to make clay - forms solution (dissolved CO2)

Question 9

Kelp

Answer 9

Breaking cells releases sulphuric acid - dissolver rock which crumbles

Question 10

Molluscs

Answer 10

Bore holes in rocks to get food - weak points for weathering