Erosional Land Forms

Question 1

Cave - Arch - Stack - Stump

Answer 1

Waves refract on headland - erosion concentrated at weak points
Hydraulic action forms caves on both sides - meet to make arch
Arch is weakened so top falls (mass movement) - leaves pillar of rock (stack)
Waves erode base of stack - unstable so collapses to leave stump

Question 2

Wave cut platform

Answer 2

Waves erode base of vertical cliff - wave cut notch
Rock above is unsupported so collapses - cliff retreated (recession)
Slight slope at bottom - wave cut platform (weathered)

Question 3

Geo

Answer 3

Waves erode + exploit joints in cliff face to leave deep cleft

Question 4

Blowhole

Answer 4

As waves go into cave, reflect upwards and crash into roof

Weathering on top of roof weakens further - breaks through to leave path