Pain and analgesia Flashcards
What is the pain pathway?
Injury- peripheral nociceptors- peripheral nerve- DRG- dorsal horn- spinal cord ascending path to brain
What do DRG neurons do?
Convey sensory information from the periphery to the spinal cord
What is primary erythermalgia?
Dominant condition - enhancing pain when walk and hands….
What is acute pain?
Alerts the body to chemical, mechanical or thermal stimuli which has the potential to cause the body damage
What is chronic pain?
Accompanies chronic inflammatory disease, neuropathic pain results from damage to nerves, nerve damage due to trauma, diabetes, cancer treatment, herpes
What are analgesics aimed at?
The pain pathway
What are risks with opioids?
Sedation, depression of respiration, inhibition of GI tract, addiction
Give examples of natural opioids?
Morphine, codeine and dermorphine
Give examples of semi-synthetic opioids?
heroin, hydromorphone, hydrocodone, oxycodone, oxymorphone
Give examples of fully synthetic opioids?
Fentanyl, penthidine, methadone, tramadol, propoxyphene
When was morphine isolated?
1806
What are opioid receptors?
GPCR, inhibit calcium influx
How is heroin made?
Acetate groups added to morphine by boiling in acetic acid so penetrate into the brain easier
How does fentanyl compare to morphine?
100 times more potent than morphine
Where are endogenous opioid peptides mainly?
Midbrain, brainstem and spinal cord
