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phys > Epilepsy > Flashcards

Epilepsy Flashcards

1
Q

What is generalised seizure petit Mal caused by?

A

Mutations in Cav

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2
Q

What do epileptic drugs do in general?

A

Increase GABA levels, increase GABAa receptors, effect enzymes that breakdown GABA

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3
Q

What are the anti-epileptic drugs that effect GABA transmission?

A

Benzos, barbiturates, uptake inhibitors, metabolic inhibitors

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4
Q

What are the problems with the use of Benzos as anti-epileptic?

A

Sedation, tolerance and withdrawal

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5
Q

Give 2 examples of Barbiturates used?

A

Phenobarbitone, primidone

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6
Q

What are the problems with Barbiturates?

A

Low therapeutic index, sedation, complex pharmokinetics

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7
Q

Give an example of an uptake inhibitor of GABA?

A

Tiagabine

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8
Q

Give examples of metabolic inhibitors of GABA?

A

Viganatrin and valproate

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9
Q

What are the problems with valproate?

A

High protein binding, rarely hepatic, teratogenic, nausea, hair loss, weight gain, fatal malformation

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10
Q

What are the problems with Vigabatrin?

A

Sedation, behavioural and mood, visual field defects

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11
Q

How is glutamate formed?

A

a-oxyglutarate and glutamine

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12
Q

What is GABA broken down into?

A

succinate semialdehyde

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13
Q

What sort of inhibitor is vigabatrin?

A

Suicide inhibitor

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14
Q

What are aims of anti-epileptic drugs at the synapse?

A

Decrease glutamate

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15
Q

What do use dependant sodium channel inhibitors do?

A

Stabilise the inactive stage so delay return of sodium channel to close so lower sodium influx

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16
Q

Give 3 examples of sodium channel blockers?

A

Carbamazepine, phenytoin, lamotrigine

17
Q

What are problems with Phenytoin?

A

Complex pharmacokinetics, vertigo, ataxia, headaches, rashes

18
Q

What are problems with Carbamazepine?

A

Sedation, ataxia, blurred vision, water retention, microsomal enzyme induction, leukopenia, hypersensitivity reactions, liver failure

19
Q

What are problems with Lamotrigine?

A

Nausea, dizziness, ataxia, rashes

20
Q

What calcium channels are targeted for anti-epileptic drugs?

A

T-type, highly expressed in RAF nucleus in the brain and are main cause of AP as opposed to Sodium

21
Q

Give 2 examples of Calcium channel blockers?

A

Ethosuzimide, GABApentin

22
Q

What are all the types of drugs used to treat epilepsy?

A

GABA increase, Sodium decrease, Calcium decrease

23
Q

What is Levetiracetam?

A

Acts on SV2 impacting on loading of vesicles with glutamate

phys (35 decks)

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