Hypertension Flashcards
Changes in the body leading to hypertension
Cardiac dysfunction, vessel abnormalities, kidney dysfunction
Cardiac dysfunction
Increased response to stress and catcholamines
Vessel abnormalities
Sympathetic nervous system abnormalities, local factor abnormalities
What is best evidence for genetic factors involved with essential hypertension?
Polymorphisms in angiotensin II and ENaC
What study exemplifies the effect of salt on BP?
Chimpanzee- direct correlation between NaCL and BP, Human studies- reduce NaCl by 3g a day and reduces BP by 5mmHg
Diseases that can cause secondary hypertension
Renal disease, Renal artery stenosis, Pheochromocytomas, hormone imbalance
How does renal disease cause hypertension
Nephron function impaired so blood vol and Bp increase, increasing renal damage so more failure
How does renal artery stenosis cause hypertension?
Blood flow to kidneys is reduced due to narrowing which causes an increase in renin and production raising BP
How Pheochromocytoma cause hypertension?
Rare cancer in adrenal glands, which cause more adrenaline release increase BP
How does hormone imbalance cause hypertension?
Aldosterone increase sodium increasing BP
Consequences of hypertension
Arteriosceloris, athersclerosis, stroke, myocardial infarction, retinal damage
Pharmacological treatment for hypertension
Diuretics, sympatholytics, Calcium blockers, RAA system and dual approach
Give an example of a diuretic and how it reduces hypertension
Increase sodium and chloride secretion thus more ruin. Thiazides
Give an example of an a blocker and how it treats hypertension
Clodine - decrease sympathetic output on blood vessels
Prazosin- relaxes smooth muscle and reduces TPR
What do B blockers do and give an example?
Reduce heart rate and contractility- Propanolol
