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Phys > Last minute > Flashcards

Last minute Flashcards

1
Q

What is the intracellular concentration of Chloride?

A

100mM

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2
Q

What number should be used in Goldmann equation?

A

61

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3
Q

What does a non-competitive antagonist do?

A

Reduce the slope and max response of an agonist

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4
Q

How can you find total number of antagonist binding sites in a preperation?

A

Scatchard plot

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5
Q

What does equal potency give?

A

Same response

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6
Q

Where is hepatic cytochrome p450 found?

A

In the ER

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7
Q

What is the systolic pressure in the arteriole?

A

20mmHg

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8
Q

What is the normal H+ conc in body fluids?

A

4x10-8 moles per litre

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9
Q

What are the n, u, m?

A

n=10-9, u=10-6, m=10-3

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10
Q

What is type II typically associated with?

A

Truncation in CACNA1A

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11
Q

What is Poisselles law for flow?

A

Flow- proportional to change in pressure and 4th power of radius, inversely proportional to the viscosity and length

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12
Q

What is Poisselles law for Resistance?

A

resistance- proportional to viscosity and length, inversely proportional to 4th power of radius

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13
Q

What does MLCK do?

A

Phosphorylate the serine residue 19- allow myosin cross bridges to bind to actin

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14
Q

What does MLCP do?

A

Dephosphorylation of myosin light chain

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15
Q

What can 3rd degree heart block do to blood pressure?

A

Can lower it

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16
Q

What are long and short QT to do with?

A

Ventricular action potential

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17
Q

Give examples of COXIBs?

A

Selective for cox2- Vioxx, dicholenic - musculoskeletal pain

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18
Q

What is omalizumab?

A

Humanised antibody and soluble receptors to IgE- to treat asthma

19
Q

What is treatment for Long QT syndrome?

A

B blockers- e.g. atenolol

20
Q

What is the treatment for short QT syndrome?

A

Quinidines, implant defibrillation

21
Q

What is atrial fibrillation treatment?

A

Flecanide, B blockers, amodarone, Dronadorone

22
Q

What are the treatments for epilepsy?

A

Benzos, barbiturates, uptake inhibitors of GABA, metabolic inhibitors of GABA, Calcium channel blocker, Sodium channel blocker

23
Q

What is treatment for Myotonia congenital?

A

Sodium channel blocker -Maxiltene

24
Q

What does KO human and mice AQP1 show?

A

Problems with urine concentration but largely healthy as not contributing full amount

25
Q

What does KO of A1/A3 show in mice with and without water?

A

with- half the osmolality, without- quarter the osmolality

26
Q

How are the alpha subunits of GABA that are sensitive to Benzos known?

A

Through animal models- replace a2 gene with mutated/ KO, gives no anxiolytic effects of diazapam

27
Q

What are problems with vigabatrin?

A

Depression

28
Q

what are problems with valproate?

A

High protein binding, rarely hepatic, teratogenic, nausea, hair loss, weight gain

29
Q

What are the problems with Phenytoin?

A

Complex pharmacokinetics, vertigo, ataxia, headaches, rashes

30
Q

What are the problems with Carbamazepine?

A

Microsomal enzyme induction

31
Q

What are problems with Lamotigine?

A

Nausea, dizziness, ataxia, rashes

32
Q

What Calcium channels are targeted in epilepsy?

A

T type in Raphe nuclei - for absence siezures

33
Q

What is the structure of CACNA1A?

A

24 trans domains, 4 voltage sensory, 4 pore, P/Q type calcium channel

34
Q

What is an experiment with CACNA1A?

A

barium current- shows reduce current with mutant and voltage dependance change- higher voltage needed to open

35
Q

What are the risks of opioids?

A

Sedation, depression of respiration, inhibition of GI tract, addiction with continuous use

36
Q

What is an example of an anticholinergic used to treat asthma?

A

Tiotropium bromide

37
Q

What is the evidence that Myasthenia Graves is cause by antibodies?

A

87% patients show positive for antibodies, injection of ABs into mice- show fewer ABs then normal and size is smaller

38
Q

Name a acetylcholinesterase?

A

Pyridostigme

39
Q

Name a corticosteroid?

A

Prednisolone

40
Q

What study was done with malignant hypothermia?

A

Rabbit 614 mutation with caffeine and halothane

41
Q

What in vitro screening assay undergo in lead optimisation?

A

Mutagenicity, clastogenicity, specific cardiac arrhythmia biomarker

42
Q

What other methods other than assays are used in lead optimisation?

A

Overexpresed KO, Exploratory studies

43
Q

What are different immunotherapies to treat cancer?

A

Checkpoint inhibitors- T cells attack tutors, CART Cell therapy- engineer own cells to fight cancer
Cancer vaccines- protect against damage or abnormal cells

Phys (35 decks)

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