pain Flashcards

1
Q

pain is caused when

A

stimulus caused electrical impulses to travel from periphery to the spinal cord. if the tissue is injured, can also release chemicals that excite or activate the nerve endings, causing pain

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2
Q

acute pain

A

is pain that lasts seconds to less than 6 months

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3
Q

chronic

A

is pain that 6 months or longer and can be intermittent or continuous

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4
Q

subjective indicators

A

asses characteristic of pain:

  • location
  • duration
  • quantity
  • quality
  • chronology
  • aggravating factor
  • relieving factor
  • associated phenomenon
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5
Q

objective indicators of pain

A
  • vital signs
  • muscle tension
  • rigidity
  • pallor
  • pain becomes more severe, there is a decrease in blood pressure and heart rate
  • nausea and vomiting
  • fainting
  • withdrawal to pain
  • grimacing
  • restlessness
  • guarding an area of pain
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6
Q

slight pain

A

1 and 3

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7
Q

moderate pain

A

4 and 7

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8
Q

severe pain

A

8 and 10

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9
Q

wrong-baker faces

A

6 faces with different expressions

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10
Q

wrong-baker faces 0,2,4,6,8,10

A
0 with smiling face
2 hurts a little
4 hurts  little more
6 hurts even more
8 hurts a whole lot
10 crying face and hurts worst
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11
Q

clients perception of pain affected by

A
cultural
ethnic
religious beliefs
family
support systems
gender
age
environment 
past experiences with pain 
anxiety 
other stressors
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12
Q

nonpharmacological pain interventions

A
positioning 
cutanous stimulation 
heat/cold therapy
touch/ healing, touch/theraptic
massage
acupuncture
hyponsis
acupressure
electronic stimulating unit
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13
Q

distraction techniques

A

used for mild pain or as an adjunct to other modalities to relieve pain

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14
Q

opioids

A

considered first-line treatment for management of moderate to severe pain/include all controlled substances, morphine, codeine, oxycodone, hydromorphone, methadone, meridine

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15
Q

nonopioid

A

include acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) that are available over the counter

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16
Q

adjuvant analgecis

A

include antidepressants, anticonvulsants, corticosteroids, and bisphosphonates, used to enhance the effect of opioids by reducing pain and anxiety

17
Q

pt. controlled analgesia

A

used typically for clients with postoperative pain.
- it is computerized intravenous pump with a syringe of a prescribed opioid medicine usually morphine, fentanyl, hydromorphone

18
Q

pain management involves

A

multimodal
multidisciplinary
client centered approach

19
Q

clients have the right to

A

quality pain management and should be involved in discussions with the interprofessional team about how best to treat their pain