foundations of nursing Flashcards
what does the healthcare system incorporate
- interactions between health care providers and clients within the constraints of financing mechanisms and regulatory agencies
what does the healthcare system include
- clients who participate
- settings in which health care takes place
- agencies that regulate healthcare
mechanisms that provide support
what is the challenge of nursing today
retain is caring values while practicing within a cost- containment structure
participants
consumers (clients)
providers
licensed providers
registered nurses licensed practical nurses advanced practice nurses medical doctors pharmacist, dentist, dieticants, physical therapist, respiratory therapist, occupational therapist
unlicenses providers
cna
pct
hvc
regulatory agencies
- us department of health and human services
- fda
- state and local agencies
- licensing boards
- joint commission
medicare
clients greater than 65 years of age/ permanent disabilities
part A: hospital insurance
part B: medical insurance
part C: medicare advantage plan
part D: medications
medicaid
low incomes
- federally and state funded
- individual states determine eligibility requirements
affordable care act 2010
- increasing access to helth care for all individuals mandate for health insurance
- decreasing health care costs
- providing opportunities for uninsured to become insured at an affordable cost
- state children health insurance program: coverage for uninsured children up to age 19
private plans
traditional insurnace reimburses for services on a free for service basis
private plans: managed care orgaizations
-primary care providers oversee comprehensive care for enrolled clients and focus on prevention and health promotion
private plans: preferred provider organization
Clients choose from a list of contracted providers and hospitals. Using non‑contracted providers increases the out‑of‑pocket costs.
private plans: exclusive providers organizations
Clients choose from a list of providers and hospitals within a contracted organization with no
private plans: long - term care insurance
Used as a supplement for long‑term care expenses. Medicare does not cover
preventive
health care focuses on educating and equipping clients to reduce and control risk factor for disease
examples:
- immunization
- stress management
- occupational health programs
- seat belt use
primary
health care emphasizs health promotion and includes:
- prenatal and well-baby care
- family planning
- nutrition counseling
- disease control
what is primary care a sustained partnership between what
clients and providers
examples:
- office or clinic visits
- community health centers
- scheduled school- or work- centered screenings (vision, hearing, obesity)
secondary
health care included the diagnosis and treatment of acute illness and injury
example:
- care in hospital settings (inpatient and emergency departments)
- diagnostic centers
- emergent care centers
tertiary
involves the provision of specialized and highly technical care
examples:
- intensive care
- oncology centers
- burn centers
restorative
health care involves intermediate follow-up care for restoring health and promoting self-care
examples:
- home health care
- rehabilitation centers
- skilled nursing facilities
continuing
health care addresses long-term or chronic health care needs over the period of time
examples:
- end of life care
- palliative care
- hospice
- adult daycare
- assisted living
- in-home respite care
levels of care: people
level of care depends on the needs of the client. licensed and unlicensed health care personnel work in every level of care
levels of care: setting
settings for secondary and tertiary care are usually within a hospital or specific facility. settings for other levels of care very
levels of care: regulatory agencies
help ensure the quality and quantity of health care and protection of health care consumers
levels of care: health care finance
influences the quality and type of care by setting parameters for cost containment and reimbursement
registered nurse
the RN is the lead team member, soliciting input from all nursing team members, setting priorities, sharing information with other disciplines, and coordinating client care
educational preparation
must meet the states board of nursing’s requirements for licensure
requires completion of the diploma program, an associates degree, baccalaureate degree in nursing prior to taking the licensure exam
roles and responsibilities of nursing personnel
- function legally under state nurse practice acts
- perform assessments
- establish nursing diagnosis goals, interventions, and conduct ongoing client evaluations
- participate in developing interprofessional plan for client care
- share appropriate info among team members; initiate referrals for client assistance, include health education, and identify community resources
advanced practice nurse
- great deal of autonomy
- master degree in advanced education in pharmacology and physical assessment, and certification in a specialized area of practice
apn role
- clinical nurse specialist- typically specializes in a practice setting or a clinical field
- nurse practitioner- collaborates with one or more providers to deliver nonemergency primary health care in a variety of setting
- certified registered nurse anesthetist- admisters anesthesia and provides care during procedures under the supervision of an anesthesiologist
- midwife
- nurse educator
- nurse administrator
- nurse researcher
who are assistive personnel
certified nursing assistants, medical assistants, non-nursing personnel: dialysis technicians, monitor technicians, phlebotomists
education:
- meet states formal or informal training requirements
- training and examination to attain can status
roles and responsibilities of assistive personnel
- work under rn
- feeding clients
- preparing nutritional supplements
- lifting
- basic care
- recording vitals
interprofessional team
- each discipline uses a set of skills within the scope
- some overlaps
- work collaboratively for holistic care
- nurse is usually the manager of care ad must understand the roles of other team members
social worker
works w client and families by coordinating inpatient and community resources to meet psychosocial and environmental needs that are necessary for recovery and discharge
