ati infection control/ isolation Flashcards

1
Q

chain of infection

A
  • sequence of necessary pieces for in infection to occur

- includes an infectious agent, reservior, portal of exit, mode of trasmission, portal of entry, and suceptible host

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2
Q

infectious agent

A

contains bacteria, fungi, virus, parasite, or prion

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3
Q

reservoir

A

habitat of the infectious agent and is where it lives, grows, and reproduces itself or replications

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4
Q

portal of entry

A

any body orifice (ears, nose, mouth) or can be through the skin, and it provides a place for infectious agent to replicate or for the toxin to act

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5
Q

portal of exit

A

means by which the infectious agent can leave the reservoir

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6
Q

susceptible host

A

required for the infectious agent to take hold and become a reservoir for infection. Not everyone who is exposed to an infectious agent gets sick

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7
Q

modes of transmission

A

contact
droplet
airborne

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8
Q

contact

A

occurs when microorganisms move from an infected person to another person

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9
Q

droplet

A

occurs when airborne droplets from the respiratory tract of a client travel through the air and into the mucosa of a host

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10
Q

airborne

A

occurs when small particles move into the airspace of another person

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11
Q

two types of contact transmission

A

direct and indirect

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12
Q

direct

A

when microorganisms are directly moved from the infected person to another person without having a contaminated object or person between the two

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13
Q

indirect

A

contact transmission occurs when microorganisms are moved from the infected person to another infected person with a contaminated object or person between the two

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14
Q

non specific immunity

A

refers to neutrophils and macrophages and their work as phagocytes

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15
Q

phagocytes

A

eat and destroy microorganism, thereby helping to protect the body from harm

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16
Q

neutrophils and macrophages

A

released during inflammatory response

17
Q

specific immunity

A

refers to work of antibodies (immunoglobulins) and lymphypocytes. Antibodies bind to infectious agents and call to the white blood cells and complement to destroy them

18
Q

inflammatory response

A
  1. pattern receptors on the surface of cells recognize harmful stimuli
  2. inflammatory pathways are activated
  3. inflammatory markers are released
  4. inflammatory cells are recruited
19
Q

stages on infection

A
  1. incubation: infection enters host and begins to multiply
  2. prodromal: client has symptoms
  3. acute illness: manifestations of specific infectious disease process are obvious and may become severe
  4. decline: manifestations begin to wane as the degree of infectious disease decreases
  5. Convalescence: client returns to normal or new normal state of health
20
Q

local infections

A

confined to one area of the body. local infections can be treated with topical antibiotics and oral antibiotics

21
Q

systemic infections

A

start as local infections and then spread to the bloodstream to infect the entire body

22
Q

hand hygiene

A

cover any type of cleaning of the hands, may be using soap and water to wash hands as in normal hand washing, alcohol based hand sanitizers, using an antiseptic hadnwash or hand rub, and surgical hand antisepsis

23
Q

medical asepsis

A

term used to define the elimination of an absence of disease-causing microorganisms

24
Q

standard precautions

A

describe the infection prevention practices applied to all clients, whether or not they are known to have an infectious agent

25
Q

4 majors healthcare associated infections

A
  1. central-line associated bloodstream infections
  2. catheter associated urinary tract infections
  3. surgical site infections
  4. ventilator-assisted pneumonias