ati infection control/ isolation

Question 1

chain of infection

Answer 1

• sequence of necessary pieces for in infection to occur

- includes an infectious agent, reservior, portal of exit, mode of trasmission, portal of entry, and suceptible host

Question 2

infectious agent

Answer 2

contains bacteria, fungi, virus, parasite, or prion

Question 3

reservoir

Answer 3

habitat of the infectious agent and is where it lives, grows, and reproduces itself or replications

Question 4

portal of entry

Answer 4

any body orifice (ears, nose, mouth) or can be through the skin, and it provides a place for infectious agent to replicate or for the toxin to act

Question 5

portal of exit

Answer 5

means by which the infectious agent can leave the reservoir

Question 6

susceptible host

Answer 6

required for the infectious agent to take hold and become a reservoir for infection. Not everyone who is exposed to an infectious agent gets sick

Question 7

modes of transmission

Answer 7

contact
droplet
airborne

Question 8

contact

Answer 8

occurs when microorganisms move from an infected person to another person

Question 9

droplet

Answer 9

occurs when airborne droplets from the respiratory tract of a client travel through the air and into the mucosa of a host

Question 10

airborne

Answer 10

occurs when small particles move into the airspace of another person

Question 11

two types of contact transmission

Answer 11

direct and indirect

Question 12

direct

Answer 12

when microorganisms are directly moved from the infected person to another person without having a contaminated object or person between the two

Question 13

indirect

Answer 13

contact transmission occurs when microorganisms are moved from the infected person to another infected person with a contaminated object or person between the two

Question 14

non specific immunity

Answer 14

refers to neutrophils and macrophages and their work as phagocytes

Question 15

phagocytes

Answer 15

eat and destroy microorganism, thereby helping to protect the body from harm

Question 16

neutrophils and macrophages

Answer 16

released during inflammatory response

Question 17

specific immunity

Answer 17

refers to work of antibodies (immunoglobulins) and lymphypocytes. Antibodies bind to infectious agents and call to the white blood cells and complement to destroy them

Question 18

inflammatory response

Answer 18

1. pattern receptors on the surface of cells recognize harmful stimuli
2. inflammatory pathways are activated
3. inflammatory markers are released
4. inflammatory cells are recruited

Question 19

stages on infection

Answer 19

1. incubation: infection enters host and begins to multiply
2. prodromal: client has symptoms
3. acute illness: manifestations of specific infectious disease process are obvious and may become severe
4. decline: manifestations begin to wane as the degree of infectious disease decreases
5. Convalescence: client returns to normal or new normal state of health

Question 20

local infections

Answer 20

confined to one area of the body. local infections can be treated with topical antibiotics and oral antibiotics

Question 21

systemic infections

Answer 21

start as local infections and then spread to the bloodstream to infect the entire body

Question 22

hand hygiene

Answer 22

cover any type of cleaning of the hands, may be using soap and water to wash hands as in normal hand washing, alcohol based hand sanitizers, using an antiseptic hadnwash or hand rub, and surgical hand antisepsis

Question 23

medical asepsis

Answer 23

term used to define the elimination of an absence of disease-causing microorganisms

Question 24

standard precautions

Answer 24

describe the infection prevention practices applied to all clients, whether or not they are known to have an infectious agent

Question 25

4 majors healthcare associated infections

Answer 25

1. central-line associated bloodstream infections
2. catheter associated urinary tract infections
3. surgical site infections
4. ventilator-assisted pneumonias