ati infection control/ isolation Flashcards
chain of infection
- sequence of necessary pieces for in infection to occur
- includes an infectious agent, reservior, portal of exit, mode of trasmission, portal of entry, and suceptible host
infectious agent
contains bacteria, fungi, virus, parasite, or prion
reservoir
habitat of the infectious agent and is where it lives, grows, and reproduces itself or replications
portal of entry
any body orifice (ears, nose, mouth) or can be through the skin, and it provides a place for infectious agent to replicate or for the toxin to act
portal of exit
means by which the infectious agent can leave the reservoir
susceptible host
required for the infectious agent to take hold and become a reservoir for infection. Not everyone who is exposed to an infectious agent gets sick
modes of transmission
contact
droplet
airborne
contact
occurs when microorganisms move from an infected person to another person
droplet
occurs when airborne droplets from the respiratory tract of a client travel through the air and into the mucosa of a host
airborne
occurs when small particles move into the airspace of another person
two types of contact transmission
direct and indirect
direct
when microorganisms are directly moved from the infected person to another person without having a contaminated object or person between the two
indirect
contact transmission occurs when microorganisms are moved from the infected person to another infected person with a contaminated object or person between the two
non specific immunity
refers to neutrophils and macrophages and their work as phagocytes
phagocytes
eat and destroy microorganism, thereby helping to protect the body from harm
neutrophils and macrophages
released during inflammatory response
specific immunity
refers to work of antibodies (immunoglobulins) and lymphypocytes. Antibodies bind to infectious agents and call to the white blood cells and complement to destroy them
inflammatory response
- pattern receptors on the surface of cells recognize harmful stimuli
- inflammatory pathways are activated
- inflammatory markers are released
- inflammatory cells are recruited
stages on infection
- incubation: infection enters host and begins to multiply
- prodromal: client has symptoms
- acute illness: manifestations of specific infectious disease process are obvious and may become severe
- decline: manifestations begin to wane as the degree of infectious disease decreases
- Convalescence: client returns to normal or new normal state of health
local infections
confined to one area of the body. local infections can be treated with topical antibiotics and oral antibiotics
systemic infections
start as local infections and then spread to the bloodstream to infect the entire body
hand hygiene
cover any type of cleaning of the hands, may be using soap and water to wash hands as in normal hand washing, alcohol based hand sanitizers, using an antiseptic hadnwash or hand rub, and surgical hand antisepsis
medical asepsis
term used to define the elimination of an absence of disease-causing microorganisms
standard precautions
describe the infection prevention practices applied to all clients, whether or not they are known to have an infectious agent
4 majors healthcare associated infections
- central-line associated bloodstream infections
- catheter associated urinary tract infections
- surgical site infections
- ventilator-assisted pneumonias
