ati mobility Flashcards
mobility
another way to say motion or movement
- body designed for motion requires muscles, skelton, and nerve to function in unison
nursing goal for mobility
assist in preserving, maintaining, and restoring as much mobility and function as possible
muscular system
- provides motor power
- 600 muscles
- half person weight
- when contracted across a joint, creates a force to pull against the skelton
- high demand for oxygen and glucose
four properties of a muscle
(CEEE)
- contractibility: ability to shorten and than relax
- Excitability: muscle fibers can receive and respond to nerve or hormone stem. resting muscle is negatively charged. When stimulated (excited), it becomes positively charged and active
- Extensibility: ability to stretch which occurs stimulations as other muscles contract
- elasticity: ability to bounce back or recoil to its original state after being contracted or extended
3 main muscle types
- cardiac: only located in heart and functions involuntarily
- smooth: located in blood vessels and the visceral organs and functions involuntarily
- skeletal: attached to skeleton by tendons and functions voluntarily
skeletal system
- 206 bones
- bones are hard connective tissue
- protect and support internal organs and muscles
- store important minerals
- composed of layers
once bones matured they undergo
process of remodeling where old bone is constantly being replaced with new bone
cartilage
firm yet flexible connective tissue
- ears, nose, larynx, ribs, intervertebral discs, knees, ankles
flexion
bend, reduces angle between bones
extension
straighten the limb
abduction
move away from baseline
adduction
bring closer to baseline
pronation
turning face backwards
supination
turing to face forward
circumduction
circular motion
rotation
side to side
inversion
turn inward
eversion
turn outward
dorsiflexion
draw toes upward towards body
plantar flexion
point toes downward away from body
body mechanics
combined effort from musculoskeletal system an nervous system to maintain posture, alignment, and balance in daily life
- knowledge in coordination and integrated function of both system to maximize strength and minimize strain
- good posture in motion
lordosis
lower back curves inward with pelvis tilting anteriorly
kyphosis
upper back is abnormal rounded with a forward tilt in pelvis
flat back
loss in curvature to the spine referred to as straight back
sway back
extends backward while lower back abnormally curves inward and the pelvis tilts forward
- positioning the head in front of the pelvis; resulting from loss of muscle tone in ab and lower back, which allows spine to sag
scoliosis
c or s shaping os spine
activity intolerance
inadequate amount of physical or phyiolgical energy to undergo or complete necessary activity
activity tolerance
capacity to successfully complete a necessary activity without distress
activity of daily living
basic essential skills that a person does independent every day and are usually related to personal care
proper positioning
intentionally placing body or body part in specific way
- involved alignment body in neutral position, supporting body natural curves, and eliminating pressure points, hyperextension or lateral rotation
- goals for client positioning and alignment consist of the two ps promotion and prevention
immobility
inability to move one or more body parts
- detrimental to body negatively affecting all major system in a critical cascade to dependency
- on joints are stiffness, pain and limited range of motion, especially shoulders, elbows, hips, knees, and ankles
prolonged immobility
prolonged causes formation of fibrofatty connective tissue and abnormal adhesions within and between joint space, which restricts nourishment to joints
prolonged bed rest
prolonged best rest causes blood flow to slow (venous stasis) increasing risk for clots
