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Pathopharm: NAT > pain > Flashcards

pain Flashcards

1
Q

what is pain

A

body’s defense mechanism–warning of a problem

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2
Q

what is pain caused by

A

stimulation of pain receptors

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3
Q

causes of pain ?

A

infection, tissue necrosis, stretching of tissue, tendons, ligaments, joint capsule, spasms

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4
Q

what is nociceptive pain

A

body or internal organs

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5
Q

what is neuropathic pain

A

nerves or CNS

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6
Q

what is acute pain

A

short term

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7
Q

what is chronic pain

A

3+ months

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8
Q

central pain

A

dysfunction/ damage to brain or spinal cord

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9
Q

neuropathic pain

A

trauma/disease w/ peripheral nerves

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10
Q

ischemic pain

A

profound/sudden loss of blow flow to organ or tissue

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11
Q

cancer related pain

A

associated with treatment

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12
Q

what are nociceptors

A

pain receptors, free sensory nerve endings

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13
Q

how can nociceptors be stimularted

A

temperature, chemicals, physical means

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14
Q

what is the pain threshold

A

level of stimulation required to elicit pain response–depends on person

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15
Q

what is pain tolerance

A

the ability to cope w/ pain, cultural related, varies

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16
Q

what are some symptoms of pain

A

restlessness and guarding

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17
Q

what is a TENS unit

A

goes on back, increases sensory stimulation and blocks pain transmission

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18
Q

what is referred pain

A

pain perceived at site distant from source

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19
Q

example of referred pain

A

heart attack or ischemia in heart

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20
Q

what is phantom pain

A

follows amputation, feels like the limb is still there

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21
Q

symptoms of phantom pain

A

pain, itching, tingling

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22
Q

does phantom pain respond to common pain therapies

A

no

23
Q

important thing about pain perception

A

subjective, compared from day to day in same person

24
Q

what is acute pain

A

sudden, severe, short term, tissue damage

25
Q

does acute pain initiate physiologic stress response

A

yes

26
Q

what happens to the vital signs in acute pain

A

increase BP, RR, HR, and skeletal muscle tension, cool, pale, moist skin

27
Q

what is chronic pain

A

extended time, difficult to treat, generalized, affects ADL’s

28
Q

What might be required for chronic pain

A

accommodation and pacing o activities

29
Q

what can emotional stress cause

A

headaches, muscle spasm and tension

30
Q

what is the biggest method of managing pain

A

remove cause of pain

31
Q

what kind of drugs are adjuncts to analgesic therapy

A

sedatives and anti anxiety

32
Q

what happens with chronic pain and tolerance

A

it increases; may need to increase dose or get new drug

33
Q

what is a PCA

A

pt. self administers med PRN, lessens overall consumption of narcotics

34
Q

can intractable pain be controlled with medication

A

no

35
Q

what are some examples of NSAIDs

A

aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen

36
Q

what do NSAID’s do

A

pain relief, decrease inflammation, reduce fever

37
Q

adverse effects of NSAID’s

A

gastric ulcer, acute renal failure, bleeding

38
Q

what is a risk of NSAID’s

A

increase risk of thrombotic events, except aspirin

39
Q

what is important to know about ketorolac

A

cannot use for more than 5 days, avoid during pregnancy

40
Q

what NSAID has opioid like effects

A

ketorolac

41
Q

what does acetaminophen lack

A

anti-inflammatory

42
Q

what is important about acetaminophen

A

combining it with an opioid can produce a better response, caution for pts with liver problems

43
Q

what is better about acetaminophen than NSAIDS

A

does not promote gastric ulceration, renal failure, or thrombotic events

44
Q

what is the maximum daily dose of acetaminophen

A

3000 mg

45
Q

what is the antidote for acetaminophen

A

N-acetylcysteine

46
Q

what is weird about N-acetylcysteine

A

it tastes really bad, use soda or flavored drink to administer

47
Q

what is local anesthesia used on

A

injected or applied to skin/mucous membranes

48
Q

what is spinal or regional anesthesia used for

A

blocks pain from legs or abdomen

49
Q

what is general anesthesia cause

A

loss of consciousness, needs airway and respiratory support

50
Q

what is neuroleptanestehsia used for

A

brain surgeries, pt responds to commands, no discomfort

51
Q

what is lidocaine

A

local anesthesia, can be used as injection or topical

52
Q

can epinephrine be added to lidocaine

A

yes

53
Q

where can epinephrine not be used on

A

areas with small capillaries because it vasoconstricts

Pathopharm: NAT (12 decks)

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