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Pathopharm: NAT > opioids > Flashcards

opioids Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most effective pain reliever

A

opioids

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2
Q

what is an opioid

A

drug that has similar actions to morphine

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3
Q

what does naloxone (narcan) do

A

reverses respiratory and CNS depression caused by overdose

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4
Q

what is methylnaltrexone used for

A

treat opioid induced constipation, in late stage diseases (i.e. cancer)

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5
Q

what are the pharmacologic actions of morphine

A

pain relief, drowsiness, mental clouding, reduces anxiety, well-being, RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION, mitosis (shrinking of pupils)

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6
Q

what is morphine

A

strong opioid agonist

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7
Q

what is codeine

A

moderate to strong agonist, suppresses cough

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8
Q

what kind of push do you use for morphine

A

slow

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9
Q

what is a big adverse effect of morphine

A

respiratory depression

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10
Q

who are the most sensitive to respiratory depression

A

elderly and infants

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11
Q

what increases the risk of respiratory depression

A

using other drugs that have CNS depressants

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12
Q

examples of the other drugs that increase risk of respiratory depression with morphine

A

alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines

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13
Q

how would you treat the adverse effect of constipation with morphine

A

physical activity, increases fiber + fluids, laxatives, stool softeners, polyethylene glycol

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14
Q

what does morphine do to blood pressure

A

orthostatic hypotension, use gait belt

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15
Q

what happens happens in the bladder with morphone

A

urinary retention and hesitancy, increases tone in sphincter and detrusor muscle

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16
Q

what is bad about the cough suppression with morphine

A

accumulation of secretions in airway

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17
Q

what are some cough remedies

A

codeine and hydrocodone based

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18
Q

what effect does the suprressed respirations correlated with morphine have on intracranial pressure

A

increases it b/c co2 is increased and dilates the cerebral vasculature

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19
Q

what is euphoria

A

exaggerated sense of well being

20
Q

what is dysphoria

A

uncommon, anxiety + unease

21
Q

what is something pts. should not do when taking morphine

A

hazardous activities, drive, etc.

22
Q

what does a toxic dose of opioids do

A

pinpoint pupils, coma, respiratory depression

23
Q

what do opioids cause to the eyes

A

miosis–> pupillary constriction

24
Q

when is a morphine drip used

A

end of life care, eases their passing

25
Q

what is physical dependence

A

abstinence syndrome with abrupt discontinuation, 10 hrs after last dose: yawning, rhinorrhea, sweating

26
Q

if a pt is having the triad of symptoms for toxicity what do you do

A

NARCAN, give O2

27
Q

what is fentanyl

A

other opioid, 100 times more potent than morphine`

28
Q

what is important to know about transdermal patches for fentanyl

A

no heat: makes it release faster, rotate site

29
Q

what is meperidine used for

A

short, painful things b/c it has short half life (i.e. resetting a shoulder)

30
Q

what is hydromorphone (dilaudid)

A

10 times more potent that morphine, has same effects

31
Q

what is codeine

A

10% converts to morphine in live, pain and cough suppression

32
Q

how do you administer codeine

A

oral, sometimes with aspirin or acetaminophen

33
Q

what is oxycodone

A

long-acting analgesic, abused by crushing + snorting or injecting

34
Q

what is the most widely prescribed drug

A

hydrocodone

35
Q

what is important about the pain assessment before administering drugs

A

essential component of pain management, subjective, MONITOR PT BEFORE AND 1 HOUR AFTER

36
Q

what is the rule for dosing schedule for opioids

A

fixed schedule

37
Q

what is important to consider with opioids

A

balance need for pain relief and minimize abuse desire

38
Q

what fears need to be minimized with opioids

A

physical dependence and addiction

39
Q

what is important about a PCA

A

pt + family education

40
Q

when are opioid antagonists used

A

opioid overdose or constipation, reversal of neonatal respiratory depression, opioid addiction management

41
Q

what does naloxone do

A

kicks/removes opioids off the receptors, competitive antagonist

42
Q

what is titrated cautiously with naloxone

A

physical dependence

43
Q

what is naltrexone used for

A

opioid and alcohol abuse

44
Q

how does naltrexone work

A

prevents euphoria for opioid abuse, does NOT prevent cravings

45
Q

what is tramadol

A

nonopiod, acts on CNS, typically used for back pain

46
Q

what is important to know about tramadol

A

narcan does not work on this and there is a suicide risk

Pathopharm: NAT (12 decks)

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