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Pathopharm: NAT > meds across the lifespan > Flashcards

meds across the lifespan Flashcards

1
Q

what group of individuals are highly sensitive to drugs

A

neonates/infants

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2
Q

what are the immature states of the pharmacokinetic processes in neonates/infants

A

absorption, protein binding, BBB, hepatic metabolism, renal drug excretion

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3
Q

what is the gastric emptying time in neonates/infants

A

prolonged, irregular

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4
Q

when do infants/nenonates get adult functioning with gastric emptying

A

6-8 months

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5
Q

is drug metabolizing and renal excretion low or high in neonates

A

low, renal excretion: 30% of adults

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6
Q

what age are peds

A

1+

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7
Q

do peds metabolize drugs faster or slower

A

faster, until 2 years old

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8
Q

what are some age-related effects for peds

A

growth suppression–glucocorticoids, teeth discoloration–tetracyclines, Reyes syndrome–aspirin

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9
Q

what is dosage based on if there is no established pediatric dose

A

body surface area

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10
Q

what exists in the older adult population

A

high prescription drug use

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11
Q

what do older adults experience with drugs

A

more adverse drug reactions and drug-drug interactions

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12
Q

what happens to absorption in older adults

A

slows, delayed gastric emptying

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13
Q

what happens to distribution in older adults

A

decreased total body water, serum albumin, and increased % of body fat

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14
Q

what happens to metabolism in older adults

A

decreased hepatic

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15
Q

what happens to excretion in older adults

A

drug accumulation decreases this, most important cause of adverse drug reactions

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16
Q

why are higher adverse reactions common with older adults

A

drug build-up, poly pharmacy, multiple conditions, Therapeutic window drugs

17
Q

how much more likely are drug reactions in older adults

A

seven times

18
Q

how can you reduce adverse reactions

A

thorough drug history, changes due to age, monitor, simple regimen

19
Q

how can you promote adherence to drugs

A

simple regimens, clear + written instructions, appropriate dose, clear label, easy to open containers, reminders

20
Q

what happens in pregnancy and breast feeding individuals

A

hepatic metabolism and glomerular filtration increases– doses need to be increase

21
Q

do drugs cross the placenta and lipid soluble easier or harder during pregnancy

A

easier

22
Q

what is a teratogen effect

A

agent that causes malformation of an embryo

23
Q

what are some teratogenic effects of drugs

A
24
Q

what is the most dangerous category for drugs for pregnant women

A

category X

25
Q

what is the safest category for pregnant women

A

category a

26
Q

what occurs during breastfeeding with drugs

A

lipid soluble crosses easierh

27
Q

how to decrease risk to infant during breastfeeing

A

take drugs right after breast feeding, avoid drugs with long half lives

Pathopharm: NAT (12 decks)

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