meds across the lifespan Flashcards
what group of individuals are highly sensitive to drugs
neonates/infants
what are the immature states of the pharmacokinetic processes in neonates/infants
absorption, protein binding, BBB, hepatic metabolism, renal drug excretion
what is the gastric emptying time in neonates/infants
prolonged, irregular
when do infants/nenonates get adult functioning with gastric emptying
6-8 months
is drug metabolizing and renal excretion low or high in neonates
low, renal excretion: 30% of adults
what age are peds
1+
do peds metabolize drugs faster or slower
faster, until 2 years old
what are some age-related effects for peds
growth suppression–glucocorticoids, teeth discoloration–tetracyclines, Reyes syndrome–aspirin
what is dosage based on if there is no established pediatric dose
body surface area
what exists in the older adult population
high prescription drug use
what do older adults experience with drugs
more adverse drug reactions and drug-drug interactions
what happens to absorption in older adults
slows, delayed gastric emptying
what happens to distribution in older adults
decreased total body water, serum albumin, and increased % of body fat
what happens to metabolism in older adults
decreased hepatic
what happens to excretion in older adults
drug accumulation decreases this, most important cause of adverse drug reactions
why are higher adverse reactions common with older adults
drug build-up, poly pharmacy, multiple conditions, Therapeutic window drugs
how much more likely are drug reactions in older adults
seven times
how can you reduce adverse reactions
thorough drug history, changes due to age, monitor, simple regimen
how can you promote adherence to drugs
simple regimens, clear + written instructions, appropriate dose, clear label, easy to open containers, reminders
what happens in pregnancy and breast feeding individuals
hepatic metabolism and glomerular filtration increases– doses need to be increase
do drugs cross the placenta and lipid soluble easier or harder during pregnancy
easier
what is a teratogen effect
agent that causes malformation of an embryo
what are some teratogenic effects of drugs
what is the most dangerous category for drugs for pregnant women
category X
what is the safest category for pregnant women
category a
what occurs during breastfeeding with drugs
lipid soluble crosses easierh
how to decrease risk to infant during breastfeeing
take drugs right after breast feeding, avoid drugs with long half lives
