Pain Flashcards
Pain
unpleasant sensory emotional experience with actual or potential tissue damage
What kind of an experience is pain
personal and subjective
Acute
limited duration
Chronic
lasts months to a lifetime
Nociceptive
respond to stimuli, injury to tissue as a result of trauma/inflammation
Neuropathic
injury to nerves that results in repeated transmission of pain signals even in the absence of stimuli
Visceral
internal organs
Somatic
bone injury, muscle, skin, connective tissue
Centrally generated
spinal cord, amputation
Peripherally generated
injury to a peripheral nerve
Pain assessment focus
location, intensity, quality, onset, duration, aggravating/relieving factors
Nonverbal ways to show pain
facial expressions, behavior become withdrawn, poor eye contact, poor hygiene
Nonopioid medications
acetaminophen, NSAIDs, aspirin
Opioid medications
morphine, hydromorphone, fentanyl, oxycodone
Acetaminophen considerations
do not exceed 4,000mg a day, can cause liver damage
NSAID considerations
kidney failure, GI upset/ulcer/bleedings
Aspirin considerations
thins blood, get up slowly
Immediate release (IR) opioids
can take every 4-6 hours
Extended-release (ER, SR) opioids
can take every 12 hours
Local anesthetics
lidocaine, bupivacoine –> numbs
Anticonvulsants
gabapentin, pregabalin –> calms hyperactivity
Opioid adverse effects
respiratory depression, sedation, nausea and vomiting, constipation
Anticonvulsants adverse effects
sedation
Non-opioid adverse effects
nausea and vomiting, constipation
Nonpharmacologic pain methods
distraction, play, music, art, ice, heat, reposition
