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Patho > Pain > Flashcards

Pain Flashcards

1
Q

What is pain?

A

Intense or damaged stimuli (or the threat of damaged stimuli)

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2
Q

What are some possible etiologies?

A
  • Inflammation
  • Infection
  • Chemicals
  • Muscle Spasm
  • Burns
  • Ischemia and Tissue Necrosis
  • Stretching of Tissue
  • Stretching of Tendons
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3
Q

Considerations of Diagnosis?

A

1) Location of pain
2) Descriptive terms: such as aching, burning, sharp, throbbing, etc
3) Timing of pain: association with activity
4) Physical evidence of pain

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4
Q

Physical evidence of pain

A

High blood pressure, nausea, vomiting, fainting and dizziness, anxiety and fear frequent in people with chest pain or trauma & other, PALLOR, DIAPHORESIS, TACHYCARDIA

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5
Q

What is pallor?

A

Paleness

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6
Q

What is Diaphoresis

A

cold-sweats

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7
Q

What is tachycardia?

A

resting heart rate above 100 bpm

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8
Q

What is referred pain?

A

Pain that is perceived at a site distance from the actual source

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9
Q

When pain is generalized the actual source may be…

A

Difficult to determine

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10
Q

How does referred pain happpen?

A

When multiple sensory fibers connect at a single level of the spinal cord so the brain has trouble differentiating the location of origin of the pain

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11
Q

What is an example of referred pain?

A

Appendicitis

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12
Q

What are the two types of pain?

A

Neuropathic and Nocieceptive

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13
Q

Simple definition of Neuropathic?

A

Nerve-related

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14
Q

Simple definition of Nociceptive

A

Tissue-related

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15
Q

Real definition of Neuropathic?

A

Caused by damage to central or peripheral nervous

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16
Q

How is neuropathic pain often described?

A

burning, tingling, shooting pain, heavy sensation, numbness, etc.

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17
Q

How is neuropathic pain characterized?

A

Allodynia and Hyperalgesia

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18
Q

Real definition of Nociceptive?

A

Caused by damage to body tissue

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19
Q

Description of nociceptive pain?

A

sharp, aching, throbbing, etc.

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20
Q

What exactly are nociceptors?

A

Sensory neurons that respond to damaging or potentially damaging stimuli by sending “possible threat” signals to the brain

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21
Q

What stimulates nociceptors?

A

Temperature, chemicals and physical means

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22
Q

What are the two types of neurons?

A

Afferent and Efferent

23
Q

Afferent Neurons

A

Sensory neurons that bring incoming information from the body to the CNS

(incoming information to the brain)

24
Q

Efferent neurons

A

Motor neurons carrying outgoing information form the CNS to the body

25
Q

What are the types of pain fibers?

A

Myelinated A delta fibers and Unmyelinated C fibers

26
Q

Do myelinated A delta fibers transmit rapidly or slowly?

A

Rapidly

27
Q

What kind of pain are myelinated A delta fibers?

A

Acute pain

28
Q

What are descriptions of acute pain?

A

localized, sudden, sharp

29
Q

What kind of pain is myelinated A delta fibers related to?

A

Thermal and physical stimuli from skin and membrances

30
Q

What may be caused by the myelinated A delta fibers?

A

Reflex response

31
Q

What’s an example of a reflex response

A

Involuntary muscle contraction

32
Q

What does a muscle contraciton do?

A

Moves away from pain source and guards against movement

33
Q

Do unmyelinated C fibers transmit rapidly or slowly?

A

Slowly

34
Q

Unmyelinated c fibers are associated with what kind of pain?

A

Chronic

35
Q

What symptoms are there of chronic pain?

A

diffused, dull, burning, aching

36
Q

What kind of pain does unmyelinated C fibers related to?

A

Thermal, chemical & physical stimuli from muscle, tendons, myocardium & digestive tract (&some skin)

37
Q

Gate Control Theory

A

suggests how pain can be reduced by activating non-painful stimuli (basis of pain reduction)

38
Q

Pain threshold

A

Point at which pain stimuli is perceived (check) (moment when you realize your in pain)

39
Q

Pain Tolerance

A

duration or intensity of pain a person will endure before outwardly responding (how well do you handle pain)

40
Q

Pain perception

A

Subjective & depends on the condition of an individual

41
Q

Subjective scales?

A

Developed to compare pain levels over time

42
Q

What is pain perception shaped by?

A

Age, culture, family, tradition & prior experience w/ pain

43
Q

Responses to pain are influenced by..

A

personality, emotions, and cultural norms

44
Q

Conditions that center around pain

A

CRPS, CIP, Phantom Pain

45
Q

Conditions with pain as a result?

A

Burns

46
Q

CRPS stands for what?

A

Chronic Regional Pain syndrome

47
Q

CIP stands for…

A

Cogenital Insensitivity to Pain

48
Q

What is CRPS?

A

Chronic condition that causes long lasting pain that is unproportional to the severity of the initial injury

49
Q

How does CRPS work?

A

Pain signals are continuously returned to the brain

50
Q

What is CIP?

A

Genetic condition that causes someone to not feel pain

51
Q

How does CIP work?

A

Nociceptors do not transmit pain signals(May be underdeveloped or membrane channels don’t work)

52
Q

Phantom Pain

A

Pain that feels like it is coming from a body part that is no longer there

53
Q

How does Phantom Pain work?

A

More common when patients experience pain prior to amputation

Patho (8 decks)

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