PAIN

Question 1

signs of serotonin syndrome

Answer 1

hyperthermia
muscle rigidity
myoclonus
tremors
confusion
agitation
arrythmias
renal failure

Question 2

MDMA MOA

Answer 2

• is a derivative of amphetamine
• acts on 5HT2 and inhibits SERT (so increases serotonin in the synapse)
• causes hallucination, agitation, hyperthermia
• chronic use can result in depression, anxiety

Question 3

PSILOCYBIN and MESCALINE

Answer 3

• mushrooms

- similar to LSD

Question 4

LSD MOA

Answer 4

• hallucinogen

- increasing glutamate release

Question 5

psychedelic agents act on what receptor

Answer 5

5-HT2

PSILOCYBIN, MDMA, MESCALINE, LSD

Question 6

KETAMINE AND PHENCYCLIDINE MOA

Answer 6

NMDA antagonist

Question 7

what GABA subunit is important for addiction

Answer 7

alpha 1 (its for sedation, addiction, anticonvulsants)

Question 8

the target of anxiolytic drugs is

Answer 8

GABA A receptors

Question 9

whats the link between benzodiazepine half life and withdrawal

Answer 9

the onset of withdrawal symptoms is earlier for the benzo’s with short half life (trazolan, midazolam)

Question 10

Therapeutic dose of cannabis

Answer 10

• reduction of muscle spasms
• analgesic in neuropathic pain
• antiemetic
• glaucoma

Question 11

can you get tolerance and physical dependence to cannabis

Answer 11

only to a minor degree in heavy users

THC is highly lipophilic

Question 12

peripheral effects of cannabis

Answer 12

tachycardia
vasodilation
reduction of intraocular pressure
bronchodilatin
muscle relaxatino

Question 13

central effects of cannabis

Answer 13

relaxatino
sharpened awareness
impaired short term memory
impaired motor coordination
hypothermia
antiemetic actino
increase appetite

Question 14

how is cannabis addictive

Answer 14

CB1 receptors are inhibitory GPCR, they are on presynaptic terminals. The cannabinoid mediated inhibition of presynaptic GABA terminals reduces inhibitory control over VTA neurons thus resulting in an increase of DA in NAc

Question 15

what are anandamide and 2- arachidonoyl glycerol

Answer 15

endogenous ligands for cannabinoid receptors

Question 16

CB1 receptors are found where

Answer 16

hippocampus
cerbellum
hypothalamus
substantia nigra
mesolimbic pathways

Question 17

CB2 receptors are found where

Answer 17

in lymphoid tissue, in microglia (cannabis is immunosuppresive)

Question 18

pharmacological long term management of alcoholism

Answer 18

disulfram: blocks aldehyde DH (unpleasant flushing)
- naltrexone: opioid receptor antagonist
- acamprosato: NMDA antagonist

Question 19

acute cellular effects of ethanol

Answer 19

• enhancement of GABA and glycine mediated inhibition
• inhibition of VOC calcium channels
• activation of K channels
• inhibition of ionotropic glutamate receptor function

Question 20

In general at cellular level, the effect of ethanol is depressant, although it increases
neuronal activity—by disinhibition—in some parts of the CNS, notably in the
mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway that is involved in reward.

Answer 20

true

Question 21

non nicotine therapy for smokers

Answer 21

bupropione: atypical antidepressant (NDRI)
varenicline: partial agonist of nicotinic ACh receptor

Question 22

why is nicotine addictive

Answer 22

increases DA levels in nucleus accumbens by stimulation of VTA neurons

Question 23

general effects of nicotine

Answer 23

tachycardia
increased cardiac output and arterial pressure
reduction of GI mobility
sweating