Gut Brain

Question 1

What is the direct communication between the bacteria and the brain

Answer 1

the vagus nerve

Question 2

How to microbes influence behavior

Answer 2

• by releasing microbial products that enter the brain
• cytokine release from mucosal immune cells
• release of gut hormones (5-HT from endocrine cells)

Question 3

IL1 IL6 release in the gut have what effect on the brain

Answer 3

it causes a release of CRH in the hypothalamus, which results in reduction of probiotic lactiv acid producing bacteria and increase in pro inflammatory microbiota

Question 4

use valproate during pregnancy?

Answer 4

NO

Question 5

microbiota is present in which part of the gut

Answer 5

terminal ileum and colon (outer mucus layer)

Question 6

the gut vascular barrier is made of

Answer 6

endothelial cells
pericytes
enteric glial cells

Question 7

define dysbiosis

Answer 7

when chronic inflammatory diseases cause a rearrangement of the mucus layer, so that the bacteria can invade the lamina propria and the mucosa

Question 8

structure of the choroid plexus

Answer 8

first layer: endothelial cells

second layer: epithelial cells

Question 9

function of microglia

Answer 9

phagocytic properties (neuronal debris, synapse remodling)
- neuroinflammation

Question 10

which cell types are most involved in choroid plexus remodling

Answer 10

pericytes

capillaries