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Neuropharmacology > Antiepileptics > Flashcards

Antiepileptics Flashcards

1
Q

seizure

A

a transient alteration on CNS due to synchronous rhythmic and prolonged firing of populations of neurons.

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2
Q

focus epilepticus

A

where the seizure starts

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3
Q

Secondarily generalized partial-onset seizure occurs when

A

partial-onset seizures generalize and

spread across the entire brain, often resulting in a convulsive seizure.

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4
Q

causes of partial seizures

A

lesions, developmental malformations, trauma, stroke

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5
Q

auras

A
  • are preceeding partial seizures

- not before generalised seizures

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6
Q

types of generalised seizures

A

(note that they can be convulsive or not depending on the type)

  • absence (petit mal)
  • myoclonic seizure
  • generalised tonic clonic seizures (grand mal)
  • tonic seizure
  • atonic/drop seizure
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7
Q

petit mal seizures

A
  • absence seizures
  • posture maintainted
  • last less than 30 s
  • can occur 100 times a day
  • has typical 3Hz spike
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8
Q

myoclonic seizure

A
  • quick jerkin movements
  • sudden jerking in a group of muscles
  • occur in clusters
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9
Q

generalised tonic clonic seizures (grand mal)

A
  • contraction, tonic phase, clonic phase (clonic is where breathing returns)
  • postictal period can have sleepiness
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10
Q

tonic seizure

A
  • less than 20s
  • muscle tone increases
  • occur during sleep
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11
Q

atonic/drop seizure

A
  • complete loss of muscle tone

- limp and unresponsive

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12
Q

photosensitive epilepsy

A

can be generalised or focal (occipital). Is defined as PURE when the seizure is exclusively photo induced.
Light patterns can results in interictal epileptic discharges (IED) in frontoparietal cortexes

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13
Q

interictal spike

A

is asymptomatic, is a sharp waveform on EEG of pts with epilepsy. it is followed by a silent period and then by a tonic clonic seizure

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14
Q

paroxysmal depolarisation shift

A

is the intreacellular correlation of the interictal spike, this is never present in a healthy brain.
- it is a large, long lasting depolarization (AMPA NMDA) which triggers a train of action potentials after hyperpolarisation (VOCK, VOCCA, GABA-A (Cl), GABA-B)

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15
Q

Antiepileptic drugs

A

FIRST GEN:

  • pheytoin
  • carbamazepine
  • oxcarbazapine
  • valproic acid
  • Ethosuximide
  • lamotrigine
  • topiramate
  • felbamate
  • levetiracetam
  • tiagabine
  • vigabatrin
  • gabapentin
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16
Q

phenytoin and valproate GOOD

A

NO

17
Q

LAMOTRIGINE AND CARBAMAZEPINE GOOD?

A

NO

18
Q

goal for status epilepticus treatment

A
  • termination of SE (with IV benzo)
  • prevent recurrence
  • manage precipitating causes
  • management of complications
19
Q

Valproate showed higher efficacy (86%) than levetiracetam (62%) in non convulsive SE
episodes

A

true

Neuropharmacology (11 decks)

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