Paeds Oral Pathology Flashcards
where is it most common for natal/neonatal teeth to have abnormalities?
mandibular midline with 20% being supernumerary
what are the 3 circumstances in which you would consider removing a natal tooth?
- high mobility and risk of aspiration
- interfering with breast feeding
- riga-fede ulceration - from rubbing tongue over teeth
give 3 pathologies that may be seen in newborns.
- dental lamina cysts
- on the crest of the ride - bohns nodules
- remnants of dental lamina, usually on the maxilla - epstein pearls
- remnants of epithelium, usually on the hard palate
what is congenital epulis? how is it treated?
a benign tumour on the alveolar ridge
- take it out by excision
what are the symptoms and management for teething?
- irritated
- interrupted sleep
- drooling
- temperature
- can get systemic upset
management
- teething toys
- analgesics
what is this?
eruption cyst
- bluish
- fluctuant as it is fluid filled
- self limiting
- occasionally becomes infected
what is regional odontoplasia?
ghost teeth affecting both dentition in one area
- enamel and dentine are malformed, tooth becomes more easily infected
- could be due to disrupted blood supply in early development
why may a child get premature loss of teeth? This is not a premature conservation
local:
traumatic - avulsion
infective - caries
cellular:
neutrophil
- neutropenia
- aplastic anaemia
- papillon-lefevre
- chediak higashi
- leukocyte adhesion deficiency
systemic
structural defects:
alveolar bone destruction
- Langerhans Cell Histocytosis and Acrodynia
PDL destruction
- Ehlers Danlos and Vit C<
Cementum destruction
- hypophosphatasia
describe Papillon Lefevre Syndrome
- the quality of neutrophils are abnormal
- autonormal recessive condition
- get keratinosis on hands/feet
- severe perio disease and bone loss
how does neutropenia look like?
teeth are missing
red band around gingiva
what are Epulids?
lump or swelling on the gingiva
what is a pyogenic granuloma?
- very vascular
- secondary to chronic irritation
end stage = fibrous polyp
describe Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma
- very haemorrhage
- dark in colour
- alveolar bone loss on radiograph
what is a Papilloma?
viral infection from HPV
- can be spread from fingers
describe Geographic Tongue
white margin which can move around or disappear
- occasionally symptomatic
= benign migratory glossitis
which 3 drugs can induce gingival hyperplasia? NPC - its not even real
Nifedipine
- a anti-hypertensive - liver and kidney transplants
Phenytoin
- a anticonvulsant - epilepsy
Cyclosporin A
- an immunosuppressant - liver transplants
what’s the problems with gingival hyperplasia? how’s it managed?
- aesthetics
- gingivitis
- tenderness
- affects tooth eruption
- maintain the OH
- CHX mouthwsh
- Gingivectomy
- change the drugs w/ alternatives
what pathologies can you get with the salivary glands?
- Mucocele
- Ranula
- Ulcerations
describe Mucoceles.
= mucous extravasation cyst
minor salivary gland = damaged
saliva leaked into tissues
describe a Ranula
- mucous cyst on the floor of the mouth
- secondary to damage to the submandibular duct
- soft and blue
- on one side
how to manage?
- have to Marsupials it
- expose it and allow it to epithelialise over
define a ulcer.
localised defect of the oral mucose
- the epithelium is destroyed
- leaving inflammation of exposed connective tissue
what may the pathology of an ulcer be if it is infective, traumatic, neoplastic, immunological, nutritional or inflammatory?
describe Orofacial Granulomatosis
perio and gingival swelling
- associated with Crohns
- mucosa = cobblestone
- mucosal tags and ulcerations
how do you investigate Crohns?
- full blood count
- mucosal biopsy
- endoscopy
