Facial Growth Flashcards
define general growth
the process by which the body reaches its point of complete physical development
what can you use to assess general growth?
growth charts - height/age
or median values for age
or secondary sexual characteristics
when is a peak and cessation of growth for girls and boys?
girls peak at 10-12, cease at 15-16
boys peak at 12-14, cease at 17-19
what stages of adolescence do you have for boys and girls?
girls - breast, axillary pubic hair, menstruation onset
boys - fat, pubic hair, axillary and upper lip hair, chin facial hair
how may the maxilla and mandible growth differ?
maxilla - closer to neural than somatic (body general structures)
mandible - closer to somatic than neural
what 3 dimensions are the facial skeleton measured in?
Antero-Posterior
Vertical
Transverse
describe how the maxilla grows in these three dimensions: antero-posterior, vertical and transverse
- antero-posterior
- tuberosities lengthen
- as the periosteal remodels it can reposition - vertical
- alveolar bone grows
- teeth erupt
- hard palate downward drifts with remodelling - transverse
- maxilla is split into two and they move apart, having bony infill at the midline suture
describe how the mandible moves in these three dimensions: antero-posterior, vertical and transverse
- antero-posterior
- displaced anterior
- cartilage infil at the condylar = lengthening
- chin is more prominent
- lengthens 2-3mm per year - vertical
- teeth erupt
- alveolar bone and ramus becomes taller - transverse
- esp posterior width increases
describe a class I, II, III occlusion
class I
- normal
class II
- overjet
- div I - upper incisors are protruded
- div II - upper incisors are retroclined
class III
- underjet
describe the prognosis of a class II occlusion pre-pubertal
has potential of improving
- even more so if an appliance is used in ortho
describe the prognosis of a class III occlusion pre-pubertal
- has potential to worsen
- use a protraction facemask
clinically, how does an increased vertical dimension present?
E/O
- lower anterior face height
- lower Frankfort mandibular plane angle
I/O:
- reduced overbite or open anterior bite
clinically, how does a reduced vertical dimension appear?
E/O:
- increased overbite
I/O:
- reduced lower anterior face height
- reduced Frankfort mandibular plane angle
what dimensional growth may infra-occluded teeth or ankylosed teeth affect?
the vertical dimension
what ages do antero-posterior, vertical and transverse dimensions stop growing for girls and boys?
girls
1. 16-17
2. 17-18
3. 12
boys
1. 19
2. 20’s
3. 12
how does a normal transverse dimension appear?
- mandibular and maxilla centrelines coincident
- no cross bite evidence
how may abnormal transverse growth affect the teeth?
crowding or spacing
- bilateral buccal crossbites
are hand-wrist radiographs a good way to predict growth?
no
- theyre not accurate enough to be valuable
are Cervical-Vertebrae Maturation a good way to assess growth?
yes, based on the appearance on a lateral cephalogram
