Paeds Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

is childhood cancer common?

A

no

1 in 600

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2
Q

what is the most common childhood cancer?

A

ALL

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3
Q

what is the prognosis of ALL?

A

good

90% survival

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4
Q

what age of paeds are most affected by cancers?

A

0-4 yrs

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5
Q

state some risk factors of childhood cancers?

A

genetics - downs, fanconi, Li fraumeni familial cancer syndrome
environmental - radiation, viral infections (EBV, Hep B, HIV)
iatrogenic - Chemo, RT

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6
Q

what are some red flag symptoms that prompt urgent referral ?

A

unexplained petechiae
hepatosplenomegaly

pallor
lump mass swelling (head and neck)
lymphadenopathy
bruising

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7
Q

state three oncological emergencies?

A

tumour lysis syndrome
febrile neutropenia
spinal cord compression

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8
Q

state some features of tumour lysis syndrome?

A

metabolic derangement

  • high urate/K/phosphate
  • low Ca

rapid death of tumour cells and release of their intracellular contents

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9
Q

is urate soluble or insoluble ?

A

insoluble so can’t be excreted by the kidneys

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10
Q

what is a common trigger for tumour lysis syndrome?

A

secondary to treatment for a cancer

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11
Q

what is the treatment for tumour lysis syndrome?

A
ECG monitoring 
hyper hydrate 
monitor 
treat hyperkalaemia 
- never give K 
- Ca resonium 
- salbutamol 
- insulin
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12
Q

what two medications can be used to reduce uric acid ?

A

urate oxidase uricozyme
- makes more soluble

allopurinol
- inhibits xanthine oxidase and prevents uric acid production

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13
Q

what is febrile neutropenia?

A

deficiency of circulating neutrophils

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14
Q

what is the criteria for neutrophils and temp for febrile neutropenia?

A

neutrophils <0.5 x 10^9

temp >38

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15
Q

what investigations should be done for febrile neutropenia?

A

cultures
swabs
stool
urine

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16
Q

state some features of spinal cord compression?

A

weakness, spine tenderness, sphincter disturbance, sensory disturbance, gait disturbance, back pain

17
Q

what is the treatment for spinal cord compression?

A
MRI
steroids 
chemo 
surgery 
•	Laminectomy
•	Laminotomy
•	Laminoplasty
18
Q

are males or females more affected by childhood cancer?

A

males

- require more treatment

19
Q

what is a major risk factor for childhood cancer?

A

pre maturity

20
Q

state three cancers that EBV is associated with?

A

burkitt
hodgkin
nasopharyngeal