Growth and Development

Question 1

what are the key developmental domains ?

Answer 1

gross motor 
fine motor 
speech and language 
social and self help 
hearing and vision

Question 2

by what age should a baby smile?

Answer 2

6weeks

Question 3

by what age should a baby walk?

Answer 3

12 months

Question 4

by what age should a baby talk?

Answer 4

12-14 months

Question 5

by what age should a baby sit?

Answer 5

6 months

Question 6

what is a milestone ?

Answer 6

achievement of a key developmental skill

Question 7

are milestones based on actual age or on prematurity ?

Answer 7

based on prematurity

Question 8

state some influencing factors of development?

Answer 8

Genetics (Family, race, gender)
Environment
Positive early childhood experience

Question 9

state some adverse environmental factors?

Answer 9

Antenatal-
Infections (CMV, Rubella, Toxo, VZV)
Toxins (Alcohol, Smoking, Anti-epileptics)

Postnatal- 
Infection (Meningitis, encephalitis)
Toxins (solvents mercury, lead) 
Trauma (Head injuries)
Malnutrition (iron, folate, vit D)
Metabolic (Hypoglycaemia, hyper + hyponatraemia)
Maltreatment/ under stimulation/ domestic violence
Maternal mental health issues

Question 10

state who can assess development ?

Answer 10

parents and wider family 
health visitors 
nursery teachers 
GPs
paediatricians

Question 11

state some red flags of development ?

Answer 11

loss of developmental skills 
parental concern 
hearing loss 
persistent low muscle tone 
no speech by 18 months
asymmetry of movement 
not walking by 18 months

Question 12

what are the main components of child health screening?

Answer 12

Health promotion
Developmental screening (including hearing)
Immunisation

Question 13

what is done at the 6-8weeks review ?

Answer 13

feeding 
parental concerns 
development 
measurements 
examination 
sleeping position

Question 14

what is done at 27-30m Review ?

Answer 14

development

- social, behaviour, attention, emotional, gross and fine motor

Question 15

state some health promotions ?

Answer 15

Smoking
Alcohol/ Drugs
Nutrition
Hazards and safety
Dental Health
Support services

Question 16

can children be given live vaccines?

Answer 16

no

Question 17

what is the physical measurements taken?

Answer 17

Weight (grams and Kgs)
Length (cm) or height (if >2y)
Head circumference (OFC) (cm)

Question 18

what derived measurements are taken>

Answer 18

Weight for age 
Length (height) for age 
Body mass index (BMI) …. Kg / m2
Weight for length
Rate of weight gain

Question 19

what is the 50th centile?

Answer 19

50th Centile

“If you take the average 100 healthy children 50 are above this point and 50 are below”

Question 20

what is failure to thrive?

Answer 20

Child growing too slowly in form and usually in function at the expected rate for his or her age
- a description of a pattern and not a diagnosis

demand is greater than supply

Question 21

state some causes of failure to thrive?

Answer 21

Deficient intake
- poor lactation, prematurity 
Increased Metabolic demands
- Congenital lung disease
- Heart disease
- Liver disease
- Renal disease
- Infection
Excessive nutrient loss
- Gastro oesophageal reflux
- Pyloric stenosis
- Gastroenteritis 
Non-organic causes 
- poverty 
- dysfunctional family 
- child neglect