Growth and Development Flashcards
what are the key developmental domains ?
gross motor fine motor speech and language social and self help hearing and vision
by what age should a baby smile?
6weeks
by what age should a baby walk?
12 months
by what age should a baby talk?
12-14 months
by what age should a baby sit?
6 months
what is a milestone ?
achievement of a key developmental skill
are milestones based on actual age or on prematurity ?
based on prematurity
state some influencing factors of development?
Genetics (Family, race, gender)
Environment
Positive early childhood experience
state some adverse environmental factors?
Antenatal-
Infections (CMV, Rubella, Toxo, VZV)
Toxins (Alcohol, Smoking, Anti-epileptics)
Postnatal- Infection (Meningitis, encephalitis) Toxins (solvents mercury, lead) Trauma (Head injuries) Malnutrition (iron, folate, vit D) Metabolic (Hypoglycaemia, hyper + hyponatraemia) Maltreatment/ under stimulation/ domestic violence Maternal mental health issues
state who can assess development ?
parents and wider family health visitors nursery teachers GPs paediatricians
state some red flags of development ?
loss of developmental skills parental concern hearing loss persistent low muscle tone no speech by 18 months asymmetry of movement not walking by 18 months
what are the main components of child health screening?
Health promotion
Developmental screening (including hearing)
Immunisation
what is done at the 6-8weeks review ?
feeding parental concerns development measurements examination sleeping position
what is done at 27-30m Review ?
development
- social, behaviour, attention, emotional, gross and fine motor
state some health promotions ?
Smoking Alcohol/ Drugs Nutrition Hazards and safety Dental Health Support services
can children be given live vaccines?
no
what is the physical measurements taken?
Weight (grams and Kgs)
Length (cm) or height (if >2y)
Head circumference (OFC) (cm)
what derived measurements are taken>
Weight for age Length (height) for age Body mass index (BMI) …. Kg / m2 Weight for length Rate of weight gain
what is the 50th centile?
50th Centile
“If you take the average 100 healthy children 50 are above this point and 50 are below”
what is failure to thrive?
Child growing too slowly in form and usually in function at the expected rate for his or her age
- a description of a pattern and not a diagnosis
demand is greater than supply
state some causes of failure to thrive?
Deficient intake - poor lactation, prematurity Increased Metabolic demands - Congenital lung disease - Heart disease - Liver disease - Renal disease - Infection Excessive nutrient loss - Gastro oesophageal reflux - Pyloric stenosis - Gastroenteritis Non-organic causes - poverty - dysfunctional family - child neglect
