Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y3 Paediatrics > Infection > Flashcards

Infection Flashcards

1
Q

what does SIRS stand for?

A

systemic inflammatory response syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

state some symptoms of SIRS?

A

fever
tachycardia
tachypnoea
leucocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

state some pathogens that cause sepsis in neonates ?

A

group B strep
E coli
listeria monocytogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

state some pathogens that cause sepsis in children ?

A

strep pneumonia
meningococci
group A strep
staph aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

state some symptoms of sepsis ?

A 
fever 
cold hands 
prolonged cap refill 
limb pain 
vomiting 
malaise 
reduced urine output 
chills
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what two things are required for paediatric sepsis?

A

SIRS and a proven or suspected infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is ARDS?

A

acute respiratory distress syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is toxic shock syndrome?

A

warm shock

- vasodilation due to toxins released by strep or staph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the presentation of meningitis in children?

A

Nuchal rigidity, headaches, reduced GCS, seizures, irritability, bulging fontanelle, nappy pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what investigations should be done for sepsis ?

A 
FBC 
CRP
Coagulation factors 
blood gases 
glucose 
CSF 
urine culture 
CT cerebrum (not in acute presentation)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what will the FBC show in sepsis ?

A

leucocytosis

thrombocytopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

will the CRP be elevated or reduced during meningitis?

A

elevated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what will the ABGs show during meningitis ?

A

metabolic acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

will glucose be reduced or increased during meningitis?

A

reduced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

will CSF have increased or reduced protein during meningitis?

A

elevated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what antibiotics should be used with good CSF penetration for meningitis ?

A

3rd generation cefalosporins

+ amoxicillin in neonates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

with what meningitis infections should close family be treated for as well?

A

meningococcus B and strep group A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are some complications of pneumococcal meningitis ?

A

brain damage
hearing loss
hydrocephalus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are some complications of meningococcal meningitis ?

A

amputation and skin scarring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

are there vaccinations to reduce the incidence of meningitis ?

A

yes

  • meningoccocal
  • pneumococcal
  • haemophilus influzena B
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what endotoxin does meningococcal disease release?

A

lipooligosaccharide

- increased levels increases mortality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

out of strep and staph what has higher resistance?

A

staph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is strep treated with?

A

penicillins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is staph treated with?

A

flucloxacillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is the resistant form of staph called?

A

MRSA

26
Q

is MRSA becoming more or less common?

A

more common

27
Q

is scarlet fever a strep or staph infection?

A

strep infection

- usually S pyogenes

28
Q

state some symptoms of scarlet fever?

A

malaise fever tonsillitis strawberry tongue exanthema (sand paper rash)

29
Q

what is the treatment of scarlet fever?

A

10 day penicillins

30
Q

what are some complications of scarlet fever?

A

cellulitis
impetigo
rheumatic fever
GN (glomerulonephritis)

31
Q

what are the two virulence factors of scarlet fever?

A

M proteins

Exotoxins

32
Q

state two skin infections caused by strep and staph ?

A

impetigo

SSSS (staphlococcal scalded skin syndrome)

33
Q

out of impetigo and SSSS what one is more mild?

A

impetigo

34
Q

what is impetigo treated with?

A

topical Tx

35
Q

what is SSSS treated with?

A

IV antibiotics

36
Q

is impetigo highly contagious?

A

yes

37
Q

state three types of vesicular rashes?

A

herpes simplex
varicella zoster
enertovirus

38
Q

what are the two types of HSV

A

1 - oral

2 - genital

39
Q

what are some symptoms of HSV?

A

stomatitis
recurrent cold sores
finger infections

40
Q

what is the Tx for HSV?

A

self limiting

acyclovir

41
Q

what age range is more at risk of HSV complications?

A

neonates

42
Q

state some complications of HSV?

A

sepsis
meningoencephalitis
hepatitis

43
Q

is varicella zoster virus very prevalent ?

A

yes

  • in children and adults
  • remains latent in nerve roots
44
Q

within what time period after infection should new lesions appear in chicken pox?

A

5 days

45
Q

what is reactivation of varicella zoster called?

A

shingles

46
Q

state some compilations of varicella zoster ?

A

secondary skin infections ( form scratching)
meningoencephalitis
cerebelitis

47
Q

state some warning signs that the chicken pox may be fatal

A

high fever
new lesions after 10 days
inflamed lesions
general malaise

48
Q

what are the two risk groups for complications ?

A

<1yrs

T cell deficiencies

49
Q

give an example of an enterovirus infection?

A

hand foot and mouth disease

50
Q

what is the management for enterovirus infections?

A

supportive

- no treatment available

51
Q

what investigations should be done for viral infections?

A

smear of vesicle (ulcer base)
PCR (fluids, CSF, blood)
serology

52
Q

what infection does kawasaki disease mimic?

A

strep A infections

53
Q

give an example of a strep A infection?

A

scarlet fever

54
Q

what organism causes scarlet fever?

A

S pyogenes

55
Q

what is a complication of kawasaki disease?

A

coronary artery disease

56
Q

state some symptoms of kawasaki disease?

A 
fever for at least 5 days 
peripheral oedema and erythema 
strawberry tongue 
conjunctivitis 
cervical lymphadenopathy 
change in mucous membranes - lips and tongue
57
Q

what are the two treatments for kawasaki disease

A

immunoglobulins
- stop inflammation
aspirin
- stop thrombotic events in inflamed vessels

58
Q

what is the cause of kawasaki disease

A

unknown

59
Q

what is a DD for kawasaki disease?

A

strep infections

henoch scholein purpura

60
Q

what are some symptoms of henoch scholein purpura ?

A

vasculitis
non blanching
generally well

61
Q

what medication is used to treat staph infections?

A

flucloxacillin

62
Q

what gram is meningococcal disease?

A

gram negative

Y3 Paediatrics (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions