Paeds COPY Flashcards
Koplik’s spots
Measles
Slapped cheeks
Fifth disease aka erythema infectiosum (Parvovirus B19)
Strawberry tongue
Scarlet fever + Kawasacki disease
Scarlet fever has an incubation period of 2-4 days and typically presents with:
fever
malaise
tonsillitis
‘strawberry’ tongue
rash - fine punctate erythema (‘pinhead’) which generally appears first on the torso and spares the face although children often have a flushed appearance with perioral pallor. The rash often has a rough ‘sandpaper’ texture. Desquamination occurs later in the course of the illness, particularly around the fingers and toes
Diagnostic features for Kawasaki disease requires a fever >5d with 4 of the following criteria: A) Conjunctival injection B) Mucous membrane changes (dry cracked lips, strawberry tongue) C) Cervical lymphadenopathy D) Polymorphous rash E) Red and oedematous palms/soles, peeling of fingers and toes.
Hypokalaemia, hypotension + alkalosis in a newborn
Bartter syndrome
Defect in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle
Most common cause of gastroenteritis in children
Rotavirus
1st line treatment for uncomplicated constipation
Movicol Paediatric Plain (Polyethylene glycol 3350 + electrolytes)
- If movicol is not tolerated switch to osmotic laxative
Most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children
Minimal change disease
1st sign of puberty in
- Boys
- Girls
- Testicular growth (around 12)
2. Breast development (then height spurt, then menarche)
Grey coating on tonsils + cervical lymphadenopathy in unvaccinated child
Diphtheria
Most common cause of croup
Parainfluenza
When is the Men B vaccine given? (All 3 dates)
2, 4, and 12-13 months
The only childhood congenital syndrome that presents with polydactyly (also with microcephaly, small eyes, clept lip)
Patau syndrome (3* 13)
Rocker bottom feet (+ low set ears and micrognathia)
Edwards (3* 18)
The only childhood congenital syndrome that presents with macrocephaly (+ macro-orchidism, learning difficulties, long face and large ears)
Fragile X
The only childhood congenital syndrome that presents with pectus excavatum (+ webbed neck, short stature + pulmonary stenosis)
Noonan Syndrome (aka the male Turners, however affects males and females equally)
The only childhood congenital syndrome that presents with posterior displacement of the tongue (+ micrognathia, cleft palate)
Pierre-Robin syndrome
The only childhood congenital syndrome that presents with friendly, extrovert personality (+ short stature, learning difficulties, transient neonatal hypercalcaemia, supravalvular aortic stenosis)
William’s syndrome
IM benzylpenicillin doses for suspected meningococcal septicaemia in the community at age…
- 300mg
- 600mg
- 1200mg
(always doubles)
- 1st line investigation for complications of Kawasaki’s
2. Management
- Echocardiogram (due to possible coronary artery aneurysms)
- High-dose aspirin (one of the very few indications for the use of aspirin in kids). + IV immunoglobulin
Definition of precocious puberty = ‘development of secondary sexual characteristics before the age of ‘____’
- Females
- Males
- 8 years
2. 9 years
What are the live attenuated vaccines? (3) + 2 less important ones
BCG
MMR
Oral polio
Yellow fever
Oral typhoid
Most common presentation of Wilms’ nephroblastoma
Abdominal mass
Also painless haematuria, flank pain, anorexia + fever.
Management - Nephrectomy + chemotherapy
Prognosis - Good, 80% cure rate
Most common complication of Roseola infantum?
Febrile Convulsions
Roseola infantum (also known as exanthem subitum, occasionally sixth disease) is a common disease of infancy caused by the human herpes virus 6 (HHV6). It has an incubation period of 5-15 days and typically affects children aged 6 months to 2 years.
Features
high fever: lasting a few days, followed by a
maculopapular rash
febrile convulsions occur in around 10-15%
diarrhoea and cough are also commonly seen
Other possible consequences of HHV6 infection
aseptic meningitis
hepatitis
A baby is born at 32 weeks gestation (i.e. 1 month early), what should happen regarding the normal first set of vaccines beginning at 2 months?
Give vaccines as per normal timetable (i.e. don’t account for premature)
