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Endocrinology > Micro Buzzwords > Flashcards

Micro Buzzwords Flashcards

1
Q

Optochin Sensitive = ?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae!

Streptococcus viridans is RESISTANT

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2
Q

14 - 3 - 3 protein = ?

A

CJD (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease)

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3
Q

Causative organism of Lyme Disease = ?

A

Borrelia burgdorferi (Gram negative)

Spircohaete (helically coiled under microscope)

Vector = Ixodes tick

Treatment = Oral Doxycycline

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4
Q

Growth on Lowenstein-Jensen medium = ?

A

Mycobacterium species (usually tuberculosis)

Ziehl-Neelson stain is also commonly used

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5
Q

Thick, red, blood-stained “red-currant jelly” sputum = ?

A

Kelbsiella Pneumoniae (gram negative rod) - atypical pneumonia

Common in ALCOHOLICS

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6
Q

Most common cause of infective endocarditis in

  1. IV drug users
  2. Non-IV drug users
A
  1. Staph Aureus (gram positive coccus)

2. Strep Viridans (gram positive coccus + Optochin resistant)

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7
Q

Anti-viral - guanosine

analogue and acts as a substrate for viral thymidine kinase = ?

A

Acyclovir - effective against herpes simplex + herpes zoster (shingles)

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8
Q

Most common cause of UTI in women = ?

A

E. Coli (lactose-fermenting gram negative rod)

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9
Q

‘rice-water’ stool - profuse watery diarrhoea = ?

A

Vibrio Cholerae (gram negative comma-shaped bacteria)

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10
Q

‘Kala-azar’ = ?

A

Visceral Leishmaniasis

Common clinical features include
fever and splenomegaly. Hepatomegaly, skin hyperpigmentation and dry
warty skin occur less frequently, and bone marrow invasion can result in pancytopenia.

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11
Q

Novy-MacNeal-Nicolle medium used to grow = ?

A

Leishmania

  • major
  • dovani
  • braziliensis
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12
Q

Most common cause of BV (bacterial vaginosis) = ?

A

Gardnerella vaginalis

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13
Q

African Sleeping Sickness

Causative organism:

  1. Acute infection (weeks - month)
  2. Chronic infection (months - years)
A
  1. Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

2. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (more common)

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14
Q

Chagas Disease

  1. Organism
  2. Vector
  3. Presentation
A
  1. Trypanasoma Cruzi
  2. Reduviid bug (South America)
  3. In the acute phase,
    patients may experience non-specific symptoms such as fever, lethargy,
    diarrhoea, and vomiting. A characteristic feature, but one which occurs
    in less than 50 per cent of cases, is a purplish swelling of the eyelids
    (called Romana’s sign). To put this all together, picture Tom Cruise
    (Trypanosoma cruzi) starring in a gladiator film as a Roman (Romana’s sign) wearing purple sunglasses (swollen eyelids) and being kissed
    (kissing bugs) by lots of fans ‘ready with their video cameras’ (reduviid!)
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15
Q

‘flying saucers’ on Gomori’s methenamine silver stain = Which organism?

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii

Fungus

AIDS defining illness

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16
Q

Pnuemonia with hyponatraemia = ?

A

Legionella

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17
Q

Pneumonia from unpasteurized milk / refrigerated food = ?

A

Listeria monocytogenes

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18
Q

Swimming in ‘contaminated warer’, presenting with bloody diarrhoea, anaemia + thrombocytopenia (HUS)

A

E. Coli

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19
Q

Foul smelling steatorrhoea + pear shaped organism = ?

A

GIardia lamblia

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20
Q

Pnuemonia in COPD + heavy smoker = organism?

A

H. Influenzae

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21
Q

Pnuemonia post influenza infection = organism?

A

S. Aureus (+ve cocci ‘grape bunch clusters’)

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22
Q

Pnuemonia in heavy drinker (+ haemoptysis) = organism?

A

Klebsiella pneumonia (-ve rod, enterobacter)

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23
Q

Pnuemonia in CF = organism?

A

Pseudomonas, (Burkholderia cepacia too)

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24
Q

1st line treatment of uncomplicated chlamydia?

A

Azithromycin STAT + doxycycline 100mg BD

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25
Q

1st line treatment of syphilis?

A

IM Benzyl Penicillin

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26
Q

Chocolate agar medium = ?

A

Chancroid - Haemophilus ducreyi

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27
Q

Antibiotic that can cause Grey baby syndrome

A

Chloramphenicol

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28
Q

Treatment for PCP

A

Co-trimoxazole

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29
Q

Pneumonia causing bacteria which also causes reactivation of Herpes Simplex -> Cold sores

A

Strep Pneumoniae

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30
Q

HBsAg

  1. What is it?
  2. What does +ve indicate?
A
  1. Hep. B surface antigen

2. +ve in those with acute or chronic Hep. B

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31
Q

Anti-HBs

  1. What is it?
  2. What does +ve indicate?
A
  1. IgG antibody produced after host has cleared the infection
  2. +ve in those who have recovered / been vaccinated
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32
Q

HBeAg

  1. What is it?
  2. What does +ve indicate?
A
  1. Marker of infectivity!

2. +ve means the patient is highly infective

33
Q

Anti-HBc IgM

  1. What is it?
  2. What does +ve indicate?
A
  1. Marker of acute infection

2. +ve indicates patient has been recently infected - acute infection

34
Q

Anti-HBc IgG

  1. What is it?
  2. What does +ve indicate?
A
  1. Marker of chronic infection

2. Persists lifelong after infection

35
Q

Treatment for C. Diff

A

Oral metronidazole for 14 days

Followed by vancomycin if met fails

36
Q

Superantigen causing bacteria

A

Staph Aureus

37
Q

Thayer–Martin VCN media used to grow

A

Neisseria species

38
Q

Meningism in HIV

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

39
Q

India Ink stain reveals yeast cells with surrounding halos (on examination of CSF)

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

40
Q

Organism causing Lymphogranuloma Venereum (LGV)

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

41
Q

Clue cells + ‘fishy’ vag discharge

A

Bacterial vaginosis

42
Q

1st line treatment for Staph Aureus

A

Flucloxacillin (can cause cholestatic jaundice)

43
Q

1st line treatment for UTIs

A

Trimethoprim

44
Q

Treatment for MRSA

A

IV Vancomycin

45
Q

1st line treatment for Neisseria meningitidis

A

Ceftriaxone (may be Cefotaxime in EMQs)

Also used for pyelonephritis + sepsis secondary to HAP

46
Q

Virus that binds to sialic acid receptors in the upper resp tract

47
Q

Treatment given to HIV patients with hepatitis B

A

Interferon-α (pegylated IFN-α used for treatment of Hep C)

pegylated = attachment of polyethylene glycol

48
Q

Treatment given to HIV patients with Influenza

A

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

49
Q

Treatment / Prophylaxis for CMV

A

Gancyclovir (also used for HHV-6 and EBV)

50
Q

Cause of oral thrush in HIV

A

Candida albicans

51
Q

Cause of Pityriasis versicolour

A

Malassezia furfur

52
Q

‘Spaghetti and meatballs’ appearance under microscope of rash causing hyperpigmented spots

A

Pityriasis versicolour

53
Q

Rash caused by prick from rose thorns

A

Sporothrix schenckii

54
Q

Parotid swelling + raised amylase in unvaccinated child

55
Q

Child with developmental delay, sensorineural deafness, cataracts and cardiac abnormalities

56
Q

Treatment for Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP)

A

IV Cefotaxime

57
Q

Form of malaria parasite which invades erythrocytes

58
Q

Which group of antibiotics is bacteriostatic and acts on 50S ribosomes to interfere with mRNA translation

A

Macrolides

59
Q

Positive Paul Bunnell test

A

Infectious mononucleosis (glandular fever)

60
Q

Infection associated with Kaposi’s sarcoma (note - not HIV)

61
Q

Infection associated with pneumonitis

A

Cytomegalovirus

62
Q

Gram-negative curved rod, whose toxin affects adenyl cyclase. Its major cause of death is shock, metabolic acidosis and renal failure.

A

Vibrio Cholera

63
Q

This microbe affects mainly the distal colon, producing acute mucosal inflammation and erosion. It is spread by person-to-person contact, and its clinical features include fever, pain, diarrhoea and dysentery.

64
Q

This microbe affects the ileum, appendix and colon. Its peyer patch invasion leads to mesenteric lymph node enlargement with necrotising granulomas. Complication can include peritonitis, pharyngitis and pericarditis.

65
Q

Treatment for giardasis

A

Metronidazole

66
Q

Vomiting following Chinese takeaway (usually some form of rice)

A

Bacillus cereus

67
Q

S-shaped microaerophillic bacteria causing fever + diarrhoea

A

Campylobacter

68
Q

IVDU presenting with fever, jaundice and hepatomegaly

69
Q

CSF from a patient with suspected meningitis

Appearance - Yellow / cloudy

White cells - raised, mostly neutrophils

Protein - >1mg/dl (raised)

Glucose -

A

Bacterial meningitis

70
Q

CSF from a patient with suspected meningitis

Appearance - Clear

White cells - raised, mostly lymphocytes

Protein - normal or slightly raised

Glucose - normal

A

Viral meningitis

71
Q

CSF from a patient with suspected meningitis

Appearance - Yellow / turbid

White cells - raised, mostly lymphocytes

Protein - slightly increased

Glucose - decreased

A

TB meningitis

72
Q

Cause of meningitis is unvaccinated child

A

H. influenzae

73
Q

Rapid onset alzheimers + movement disturbances. EEG shows periodic sharp waves.

74
Q

The 2nd commonest cause of uncomplicated UTI in young women

A

Staph saprophyticus

75
Q

Can be used as monotherapy for acute pyelonephritis

A

Ciprofloxacin

76
Q

A cephalosporin used for treating pseudomonal infections in cystic fibrosis

A

Ceftazidime

77
Q

Treatment for invasive diarrhea (bloody stool + fever)

A

Ciprofloxacin

78
Q

Most common cause of osteomyelitis

A

Staph Aureus

Endocrinology (27 decks)

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