Micro Buzzwords Flashcards
Optochin Sensitive = ?
Streptococcus pneumoniae!
Streptococcus viridans is RESISTANT
14 - 3 - 3 protein = ?
CJD (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease)
Causative organism of Lyme Disease = ?
Borrelia burgdorferi (Gram negative)
Spircohaete (helically coiled under microscope)
Vector = Ixodes tick
Treatment = Oral Doxycycline
Growth on Lowenstein-Jensen medium = ?
Mycobacterium species (usually tuberculosis)
Ziehl-Neelson stain is also commonly used
Thick, red, blood-stained “red-currant jelly” sputum = ?
Kelbsiella Pneumoniae (gram negative rod) - atypical pneumonia
Common in ALCOHOLICS
Most common cause of infective endocarditis in
- IV drug users
- Non-IV drug users
- Staph Aureus (gram positive coccus)
2. Strep Viridans (gram positive coccus + Optochin resistant)
Anti-viral - guanosine
analogue and acts as a substrate for viral thymidine kinase = ?
Acyclovir - effective against herpes simplex + herpes zoster (shingles)
Most common cause of UTI in women = ?
E. Coli (lactose-fermenting gram negative rod)
‘rice-water’ stool - profuse watery diarrhoea = ?
Vibrio Cholerae (gram negative comma-shaped bacteria)
‘Kala-azar’ = ?
Visceral Leishmaniasis
Common clinical features include
fever and splenomegaly. Hepatomegaly, skin hyperpigmentation and dry
warty skin occur less frequently, and bone marrow invasion can result in pancytopenia.
Novy-MacNeal-Nicolle medium used to grow = ?
Leishmania
- major
- dovani
- braziliensis
Most common cause of BV (bacterial vaginosis) = ?
Gardnerella vaginalis
African Sleeping Sickness
Causative organism:
- Acute infection (weeks - month)
- Chronic infection (months - years)
- Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
2. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (more common)
Chagas Disease
- Organism
- Vector
- Presentation
- Trypanasoma Cruzi
- Reduviid bug (South America)
- In the acute phase,
patients may experience non-specific symptoms such as fever, lethargy,
diarrhoea, and vomiting. A characteristic feature, but one which occurs
in less than 50 per cent of cases, is a purplish swelling of the eyelids
(called Romana’s sign). To put this all together, picture Tom Cruise
(Trypanosoma cruzi) starring in a gladiator film as a Roman (Romana’s sign) wearing purple sunglasses (swollen eyelids) and being kissed
(kissing bugs) by lots of fans ‘ready with their video cameras’ (reduviid!)
‘flying saucers’ on Gomori’s methenamine silver stain = Which organism?
Pneumocystis jirovecii
Fungus
AIDS defining illness
Pnuemonia with hyponatraemia = ?
Legionella
Pneumonia from unpasteurized milk / refrigerated food = ?
Listeria monocytogenes
Swimming in ‘contaminated warer’, presenting with bloody diarrhoea, anaemia + thrombocytopenia (HUS)
E. Coli
Foul smelling steatorrhoea + pear shaped organism = ?
GIardia lamblia
Pnuemonia in COPD + heavy smoker = organism?
H. Influenzae
Pnuemonia post influenza infection = organism?
S. Aureus (+ve cocci ‘grape bunch clusters’)
Pnuemonia in heavy drinker (+ haemoptysis) = organism?
Klebsiella pneumonia (-ve rod, enterobacter)
Pnuemonia in CF = organism?
Pseudomonas, (Burkholderia cepacia too)
1st line treatment of uncomplicated chlamydia?
Azithromycin STAT + doxycycline 100mg BD
1st line treatment of syphilis?
IM Benzyl Penicillin
Chocolate agar medium = ?
Chancroid - Haemophilus ducreyi
Antibiotic that can cause Grey baby syndrome
Chloramphenicol
Treatment for PCP
Co-trimoxazole
Pneumonia causing bacteria which also causes reactivation of Herpes Simplex -> Cold sores
Strep Pneumoniae
HBsAg
- What is it?
- What does +ve indicate?
- Hep. B surface antigen
2. +ve in those with acute or chronic Hep. B
Anti-HBs
- What is it?
- What does +ve indicate?
- IgG antibody produced after host has cleared the infection
- +ve in those who have recovered / been vaccinated