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Finals - Abi Houghton > Paeds > Flashcards

Paeds Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 causative organisms for pneumonia in a neonate.

A

Group B streptococcus (mother’s genital tract)
Klebsiella (gram negative)
E. coli (gram negative)

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2
Q

Name 3 causative organisms for pneumonia in infants/young children (<5yrs).

A

RSV
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae

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3
Q

Name 2 causative organisms for pneumonia in a child >5yrs.

A

Steptococcus pneumoniae

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

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4
Q

What is the treatment for pneumonia which is likely caused by strep. pneumoniae?

A

Oral amoxicillin (oral erythromycin also used in older children)

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5
Q

What are the TB treatment drugs + side effect?

A

Rifampicin –> orange secretions, careful with COCP (p450 inducer)
Isoniazid –> liver toxicity, peripheral neuropathy
Pyrazidamide –> liver toxicity, arthralgia
Ethambutol –> optic neuritis (colour blindness, optic atrophy

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6
Q

What is the causative organism in croup?

A

Parainfluenza virus

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7
Q

What are the features of croup?

A

Barking cough
Mild fever
Subglottic oedema
Increased secretions

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8
Q

What is the management in croup?

A

Warm air inhalation
Oral dexamethasone
Oral prednisolone

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9
Q

If O2 sats are low in a child with croup, how should they be managed?

A

High flow O2

Nebulised adrenaline

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10
Q

What is the causative organism in acute epiglottitis?

A

Haemophilus influenzae type B

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11
Q

At what ages to children receive the H influenzae B vaccine

A

8 weeks, 12 weeks, 16 weeks, 1yr

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12
Q

What is the antibiotic treatment for a child with acute epiglottitis?

A

IV cefuroxime

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13
Q

What prophylactic antibiotic do you give to the family when a child is diagnosed with acute epiglottitis?

A

Rifampicin

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14
Q

What is the causative organism in bronchiolitis?

A

RSV (respiratory synticitial virus)

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15
Q

Name 4 differentials for a child who presents with cough, breathlessness,coryza, increased work of breathing, problems feeding, tachycardia

A

Cystic fibrosis
Pneumonia
Bronchiolitis
Foreign body inhalation

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16
Q

What prevention medication for bronchiolitis would you give to high-risk preterm infants?

A

Palivizumab (monoclonal antibody)

17
Q

How would a neonate with cystic fibrosis present?

A

Meconium ileus

- inspissated meconium causes intestinal obstruction

18
Q

Name 2 organisms likely to cause chronic lung infection in cystic fibrosis.

A

Staphylococcus aureus

Haemophilus influenzae

19
Q

What faeces finding is diagnostic in cystic fibrosis?

A

Low elastase in faeces

also see steatorrhoea due to pancreatic insufficiency

20
Q

What type of diet would you recommend to someone with cystic fibrosis?

A

High calorie

High fat intake

21
Q

What type of cough occurs in bronchitis?

A

Whooping

22
Q

What are the 3 phases of bronchitis?

A

Catarrhal phase = 1 week of coryza
Paroxysmal phase = 3-6 weeks cough with inspiratory whoop
Convalescent phase = symptoms gradually decrease

23
Q

What is the causative organism in bronchitis?

A

Bordatella pertussis (gram negative)

24
Q

What would the blood culture show in bronchitis?

A

Marked lymphocytosis on film (lots of lymphocytes)

25
Q

When are children vaccinated against Bordatella pertussis?

A

2 months
3 months
4 months
3-5yrs

26
Q

What antibiotic might be given, and when, in bronchitis?

A

Erythromycin (a macrolide) decreases symptoms if given in the catarrhal phase

27
Q

Name 4 features of an innocent murmur

A

Soft
Systolic
Asymptomatic
Left sternal edge

28
Q

What medication keeps ducts patent?

A

Prostaglandins

29
Q

What medications cause ducts to close?

A

NSAIDs

30
Q

What is Eisenmenger syndrome?

A

L to R shunt –> pulmonary HTN & resistance –> R to L shunt with cyanosis

31
Q

When is a diagnosis of persistent ductus arteriosus made?

A

When duct fails to close by 1 month after expected delivery date.

32
Q

Name three congenital heart defects which are acyanotic and are not due to obstruction.

A

Ventricular septal defect
Persistent ductus arteriosus
Atrial septal defect

Finals - Abi Houghton (17 decks)

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