Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Finals - Abi Houghton > Oncology > Flashcards

Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

Which gene mutations are commonly seen in breast and ovarian cancer?

A

BRCA1 (chr 17) - breast 80%, ovarian 40%, colorectal

BRCA2 (chr 13) - breast 80%, prostate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which 4(/5) cancers have the commonest incidence?

A

Skin
Breast / prostate
Lung
Colorectal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which 3(/4) cancers have the commonest mortality?

A

Lung
Breast/prostate
Colorectal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is familial adenomatous polyposis?

A

An AD condition in which numerous adenomatous polyps form in the epithelium of the large intestine. They may malignantly transform into colon cancer if left untreated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an adenoma?

A

A benign tumour of glandular tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What genetic mutation occurs in familial adenomatous polyposis?

A

APC gene on chr 5

+ p53 or kRAS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which genes are associated with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC)

A

Lynch 1 and Lynch 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which cancers are associated with lynch 2?

A

Colorectal cancer + 1 of:

  • ovarian
  • endometrial
  • pancreas
  • small bowel
  • renal pelvis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Peutz-Jeghers syndrome?

A

AD genetic disorder characterised by the development of benign hamartomatous polyps in the GI tract + hyperpigmented macules on the lips and oral mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a koilocyte?

A

A squamous epithelial cell that has undergone structural changes due to infection by human papillomavirus (HPV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is CA 125 a tumour marker for?

A

Ovarian cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is CA 19-9 a tumour marker for?

A

Pancreatic cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is CA 15-3 a tumour marker for?

A

Breast cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

CA 125, CA 19-9 and CA 15-3 are all what type of antibody?

A

Monoclonal antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is alpha-feto protein a tumour marker (antigen) for ?

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma, teratoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is carcinoembryonic antigen a tumour marker for?

A

Colorectal cancer

17
Q

What is S-100 (antigen) a tumour marker for?

A

Melanoma, schwannomas

18
Q

What is Bombesin (antigen) a tumour marker for?

A

Small cell lung carcinoma, gastric cancer, neuroblastoma

19
Q

What do PET scans measure?

A

Metabolic activity

20
Q

Give an example of a 5HT3 receptor antagonist used for nausea during chemotherapy.

A

Ondansatron

21
Q

What is LiFraumeni syndrome?

A

AD condition where there are mutations to the p53 tumour suppression gene
–> sarcomas and leukaemias
Occurs <45 yrs

22
Q

What is the most common early feature of spinal cord compression?

A

Back pain

23
Q

What are the 3 most common tumours to spread to bone? (Most common first)

A

Prostate
Breast
Lung

24
Q

What is a side-effect of doxorubicin?

A

Cardiomyopathy

25
Q

What are the most common sites for bone mets (most common first)?

A 
Spine
Pelvis
Ribs
Skull
Long bones
26
Q

Name 4 features of bone mets.

A

Bone pain
Pathological fractures
Hypercalcaemia
Raised ALP

27
Q

What is the initial management of spinal cord compression?

A

Oral dexamethasone

28
Q

What is Pemberton sign and when is it positive?

A

Patient raises arms until they touch the side of their face.
Positive = develops cyanosis, worsening SOB, facial congestion
- sign of SVC obstruction

29
Q

What is the initial treatment of SVC obstruction?

A

Oxygen and dexamethasone

30
Q

Name 4 adverse effects of methotrexate.

A

Myelosuppresion, mucositis, liver fibrosis, lung fibrosis

31
Q

What is the most common cause of SVC obstruction?

A

Small cell lung cancer

32
Q

What is the most common type of lung cancer in non-smokers?

A

Lung adenocarcinoma

33
Q

What type of lung cancer might secrete beta-hCG?

A

Large cell lung carcinoma

34
Q

Which type of lung cancer is strongly associated with finger clubbing?

A

Squamous cell cancer

35
Q

Which type of lung cancer is associated with parathyroid hormone-related protein secretion (PTH-rP)?

A

Squamous cell cancer

–> hypercalcaemia

36
Q

What is the major adverse effect of bleomycin?

A

Lung fibrosis

37
Q

Which type of lung cancer has the strongest association with smoking?

A

Squamous cell lung cancer (commonly found near large airways)

Finals - Abi Houghton (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions