Derm Flashcards
What is the most common cause of hirsutism?
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Which derm condition is associated with coeliac disease?
Dermatitis herpetiformis
Which rash does systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) present with?
Butterfly rash
What is dermatitis herpetiformis?
An autoimmune blistering skin disorder caused by deposition of IgA in the dermis (assoc. with coeliac disease)
–> itchy vesicular lesions on extensor surfaces
Name two skin disorders associated with pregnancy.
Polymorphic eruption of pregnancy - pruritic - assoc with 3rd trimester Pemphigoid gestationis - pruritic blisters - often peri-umbilical - usually presents in 2nd/3rd trimester
What type of ulcer is associated with burns?
Curlings ulcer
= a stress ulcer in the duodenum of burns patients
–> haematemesis
Electrical burns may result in damage to the kidneys, how?
Rhabdomyolysis
How might you assess the extent of a burn?
Wallace's rule of nines: Head + neck = 9% Each arm = 9% Each ant. leg = 9% Each post. leg = 9% Ant. chest = 9% Post. chest = 9% Ant. abdo = 9% Post. abdo = 9%
What 4 derm terms are used to assess the depth of a burn?
Superficial epidermal
Partial thickness (superficial dermal)
Partial thickness (deep dermal)
Full thickness
What is Pityriasis Versicolor?
Fungal infection which causes hypopigmented itchy patches on the trunk (usually)
- caused by Malassezia furfur
What is CREST syndrome?
The cutaneous form of systemic sclerosis
- Calcinosis (calcium deposits in soft tissue)
- Raynaud’s phenomenon
- Esophageal dysmotility
- Sclerodactyly (skin thickening on fingers and toes)
- Telangiectasia (look like spider veins)
What is lichen planus?
An itchy, papular rash which most commonly occurs on the palms, soles, genitalia and flexor surfaces of the arms
- often polygonal shape with ‘white-lines’ pattern on surface (Wickham’s striae)
- Koebner phenomenon may be seen
What is pityriasis alba?
A skin condition which results in dry, fine-scaled, pale patches on the face.
It is self-limiting and can be treated with emollients.
What is eczema?
A condition which causes itchy, dry and red skin, most commonly affecting hands, flexural surface of the elbows and face & scalp in children.
What is psoriasis?
An autoimmune disease characterised by patches of red, itchy, scaly and abnormal skin.
What is scabies?
A contagious and itchy skin infestation caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei.
What is Koebner phenomenon?
Where new skin lesions appear at the site of trauma
What are Curlings ulcers?
Stress ulcers in burns patients. May cause haematemesis.
What is actinic keratosis?
A common premalignant skin lesion that develops as a result of chronic sun exposure
–> small, crusty, scaly lesions
What is Kaposi sarcoma?
Tumour of vascular are lymphatic epithelium
–> purple cutaneous nodules
What is Bowen’s disease?
Squamous cell carcinoma in situ
Commonly presents with an erythematous scaling patch or elevated plaque on sun-exposed skin in an elderly patient.
How does invasive SCC commonly present?
Erythematous keratotic papule or nodule with a background of sun-exposure.
Regional lymphadenopathy may be present
What is a keratoacanthoma?
A dome-shaped erythematous lesion which often contains a central pit of keratin.
Develop over a period of days and grow rapidly.
Generally benign
What is a pyogenic granuloma?
Friable overgrowth of granulation tissue (connective tissue and blood vessels) at sites of minor trauma, e.g. gardening scratch.
Red, may be ulcerated and bleeding on contact is common.
What is viteligo?
An autoimmune condition which results in the loss of melanocytes and consequent depigmentation of the skin. Commonly affects peripheries
Associated with other AI disorders
Name 2 skin conditions associated with pregnancy.
Polymorphic eruption of pregnancy
Pemphigoid gestationis
What is polymorphic eruption of pregnancy?
Pruritic condition assoc. with 3rd trimester
Presents first on midline
What is pemphigoid gestationis?
Pruritic blistering lesions assoc. with 2nd/3rd trimester
Often develops first in peri-umbilical region
What is a herald patch?
A single plaque that appears 1-20 days before the generalised rash of pityriasis rosea
What is dermatitis herpetiformis?
Chronic itchy clusters of blisters.
Associated with underlying Coeliac disease
What are the four main subtypes of malignant melanoma?
Superficial spreading
Nodular
Lentigo maligna
Acral lentiginous
What are the features of superficial spreading malignant melanoma?
Most common
Typically affects arms, legs, back, chest, young people
A growing mole with changes in size, shape, colour
What are the features of nodular malignant melanoma?
2nd commonest
The most rapid-growing type
Affects sun-exposed skin in middle-aged
Red/black lump which may bleed/ooze
What are the features of lentigo maligna malignant melanoma?
Less common
Affects chronically sun-exposed skin in older people
A growing mole with changes in size, shape, colour
What are the features of acral lentiginous malignant melanoma?
Rare
Affects nails, palms or soles of African-Americans or Asians
Subungual pigmentation (Hutchinson’s sign) = under nail
What is the difference between spider naevi and telangiectasia?
Spider naevi fill from the centre (assoc. with liver disease, pregnancy, COCP), telangiectasia fill from the edge when blanched
When is a patient with impetigo no longer contagious?
When the lesions have crusted over or 48hrs after commencing treatment
What is impetigo commonly caused by?
Staphylococcus aureus (g.+ve) or staphylococcus pyogenes (g.+ve)
What is the 1st line treatment for impetigo?
Topical fusidic acid (an antibiotic)
Where are venous ulcers most commonly seen?
Above the medial malleolus
What are cherry haemangiomas?
Benign skin lesions containing an abnormal proliferation of capillaries
What is the scoring system used to assess risk of patients developing pressure sores?
Waterlow score
- includes BMI, nutritional status, skin type, continence, mobility
What are the 4 biggest risk factors for developing a pressure sore?
Lack of mobility
Malnourishment
Incontinence
Pain (–> reduced mobility)
What is the treatment for impetigo?
Topical fusidic acid Oral flucloxacillin (if widespread)
What is the treatment for cellulitis?
Flucloxacillin
What is the treatment for cellulitis near the eyes or nose?
Co-amoxiclav
What is the treatment for erysipelas?
Flucloxacillin
What is the antibiotic treatment for a bite (human or animal)?
Co-amoxiclav
What is the treatment for mastitis during breast-feeding?
Flucloxacillin
Give 5 differentials of itch.
Eczema (inflammatory) Varicella (infection) Scabies (infestation) Urticaria (allergic reaction) Lichen planus (likely AI)
