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Finals - Abi Houghton > Derm > Flashcards

Derm Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common cause of hirsutism?

A

Polycystic ovary syndrome

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2
Q

Which derm condition is associated with coeliac disease?

A

Dermatitis herpetiformis

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3
Q

Which rash does systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) present with?

A

Butterfly rash

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4
Q

What is dermatitis herpetiformis?

A

An autoimmune blistering skin disorder caused by deposition of IgA in the dermis (assoc. with coeliac disease)
–> itchy vesicular lesions on extensor surfaces

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5
Q

Name two skin disorders associated with pregnancy.

A 
Polymorphic eruption of pregnancy
 - pruritic
 - assoc with 3rd trimester
Pemphigoid gestationis
 - pruritic blisters
 - often peri-umbilical
 - usually presents in 2nd/3rd trimester
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6
Q

What type of ulcer is associated with burns?

A

Curlings ulcer
= a stress ulcer in the duodenum of burns patients
–> haematemesis

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7
Q

Electrical burns may result in damage to the kidneys, how?

A

Rhabdomyolysis

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8
Q

How might you assess the extent of a burn?

A 
Wallace's rule of nines:
Head + neck = 9% 
Each arm = 9%
Each ant. leg = 9%
Each post. leg = 9%
Ant. chest = 9%
Post. chest = 9%
Ant. abdo = 9%
Post. abdo = 9%
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9
Q

What 4 derm terms are used to assess the depth of a burn?

A

Superficial epidermal
Partial thickness (superficial dermal)
Partial thickness (deep dermal)
Full thickness

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10
Q

What is Pityriasis Versicolor?

A

Fungal infection which causes hypopigmented itchy patches on the trunk (usually)
- caused by Malassezia furfur

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11
Q

What is CREST syndrome?

A

The cutaneous form of systemic sclerosis

  • Calcinosis (calcium deposits in soft tissue)
  • Raynaud’s phenomenon
  • Esophageal dysmotility
  • Sclerodactyly (skin thickening on fingers and toes)
  • Telangiectasia (look like spider veins)
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12
Q

What is lichen planus?

A

An itchy, papular rash which most commonly occurs on the palms, soles, genitalia and flexor surfaces of the arms

  • often polygonal shape with ‘white-lines’ pattern on surface (Wickham’s striae)
  • Koebner phenomenon may be seen
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13
Q

What is pityriasis alba?

A

A skin condition which results in dry, fine-scaled, pale patches on the face.
It is self-limiting and can be treated with emollients.

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14
Q

What is eczema?

A

A condition which causes itchy, dry and red skin, most commonly affecting hands, flexural surface of the elbows and face & scalp in children.

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15
Q

What is psoriasis?

A

An autoimmune disease characterised by patches of red, itchy, scaly and abnormal skin.

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16
Q

What is scabies?

A

A contagious and itchy skin infestation caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei.

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17
Q

What is Koebner phenomenon?

A

Where new skin lesions appear at the site of trauma

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18
Q

What are Curlings ulcers?

A

Stress ulcers in burns patients. May cause haematemesis.

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19
Q

What is actinic keratosis?

A

A common premalignant skin lesion that develops as a result of chronic sun exposure
–> small, crusty, scaly lesions

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20
Q

What is Kaposi sarcoma?

A

Tumour of vascular are lymphatic epithelium

–> purple cutaneous nodules

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21
Q

What is Bowen’s disease?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma in situ

Commonly presents with an erythematous scaling patch or elevated plaque on sun-exposed skin in an elderly patient.

22
Q

How does invasive SCC commonly present?

A

Erythematous keratotic papule or nodule with a background of sun-exposure.
Regional lymphadenopathy may be present

23
Q

What is a keratoacanthoma?

A

A dome-shaped erythematous lesion which often contains a central pit of keratin.
Develop over a period of days and grow rapidly.
Generally benign

24
Q

What is a pyogenic granuloma?

A

Friable overgrowth of granulation tissue (connective tissue and blood vessels) at sites of minor trauma, e.g. gardening scratch.
Red, may be ulcerated and bleeding on contact is common.

25
Q

What is viteligo?

A

An autoimmune condition which results in the loss of melanocytes and consequent depigmentation of the skin. Commonly affects peripheries
Associated with other AI disorders

26
Q

Name 2 skin conditions associated with pregnancy.

A

Polymorphic eruption of pregnancy

Pemphigoid gestationis

27
Q

What is polymorphic eruption of pregnancy?

A

Pruritic condition assoc. with 3rd trimester

Presents first on midline

28
Q

What is pemphigoid gestationis?

A

Pruritic blistering lesions assoc. with 2nd/3rd trimester

Often develops first in peri-umbilical region

29
Q

What is a herald patch?

A

A single plaque that appears 1-20 days before the generalised rash of pityriasis rosea

30
Q

What is dermatitis herpetiformis?

A

Chronic itchy clusters of blisters.

Associated with underlying Coeliac disease

31
Q

What are the four main subtypes of malignant melanoma?

A

Superficial spreading
Nodular
Lentigo maligna
Acral lentiginous

32
Q

What are the features of superficial spreading malignant melanoma?

A

Most common
Typically affects arms, legs, back, chest, young people
A growing mole with changes in size, shape, colour

33
Q

What are the features of nodular malignant melanoma?

A

2nd commonest
The most rapid-growing type
Affects sun-exposed skin in middle-aged
Red/black lump which may bleed/ooze

34
Q

What are the features of lentigo maligna malignant melanoma?

A

Less common
Affects chronically sun-exposed skin in older people
A growing mole with changes in size, shape, colour

35
Q

What are the features of acral lentiginous malignant melanoma?

A

Rare
Affects nails, palms or soles of African-Americans or Asians
Subungual pigmentation (Hutchinson’s sign) = under nail

36
Q

What is the difference between spider naevi and telangiectasia?

A

Spider naevi fill from the centre (assoc. with liver disease, pregnancy, COCP), telangiectasia fill from the edge when blanched

37
Q

When is a patient with impetigo no longer contagious?

A

When the lesions have crusted over or 48hrs after commencing treatment

38
Q

What is impetigo commonly caused by?

A

Staphylococcus aureus (g.+ve) or staphylococcus pyogenes (g.+ve)

39
Q

What is the 1st line treatment for impetigo?

A

Topical fusidic acid (an antibiotic)

40
Q

Where are venous ulcers most commonly seen?

A

Above the medial malleolus

41
Q

What are cherry haemangiomas?

A

Benign skin lesions containing an abnormal proliferation of capillaries

42
Q

What is the scoring system used to assess risk of patients developing pressure sores?

A

Waterlow score

- includes BMI, nutritional status, skin type, continence, mobility

43
Q

What are the 4 biggest risk factors for developing a pressure sore?

A

Lack of mobility
Malnourishment
Incontinence
Pain (–> reduced mobility)

44
Q

What is the treatment for impetigo?

A 
Topical fusidic acid
Oral flucloxacillin (if widespread)
45
Q

What is the treatment for cellulitis?

A

Flucloxacillin

46
Q

What is the treatment for cellulitis near the eyes or nose?

A

Co-amoxiclav

47
Q

What is the treatment for erysipelas?

A

Flucloxacillin

48
Q

What is the antibiotic treatment for a bite (human or animal)?

A

Co-amoxiclav

49
Q

What is the treatment for mastitis during breast-feeding?

A

Flucloxacillin

50
Q

Give 5 differentials of itch.

A 
Eczema (inflammatory)
Varicella (infection)
Scabies (infestation)
Urticaria (allergic reaction)
Lichen planus (likely AI)

Finals - Abi Houghton (17 decks)

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