Paeds Flashcards

1
Q

Kawasaki

A

Orla ulcers strawberry tongue
Bilat conjunctivitis
Cerv lymphs
Polymorphous rash
fever >5 days

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2
Q

Uti

A

<3 months admit
0-6 months
- atypical features + recurrent USS acutely + dmsa in 6 months
- typical that responds with abx- USS within 6 wks

6 months - 3 yrs old
- atypical acute USS
-recurrent 6wk USS
Both needs dmsa in 6 months

3 yrs+
-atypical USS acutely
- recurrent USS 6 wks + dmsa 6 months

Atypical ft : poor response to abx in 48hrs mass sepsis poor outflow non e coli organism

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3
Q

Gastroenteritis

A

Diarrhoea 5-7 days stops within 2 wks
Vomiting 1-2 days stops within 3 days

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4
Q

Post meningiocococal b infection

A

Audiogram as sensoneural deafness is a complication

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5
Q

newborn with bilateral undescended testes

A

urgent review as associated with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and ambiguous genitalia
if unilateral undescended testes if not descended by 3 months to refer

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6
Q

measles

A

koplik spots - small white spots on bucal mucosa
rash starts behind the ears then to the whole body 0 desquamation that typicalls spares palms and soles
most common complication is otitis media, where complication that causes death is pneumonia
subacute sclerosisng panencephalitis presents 5-10 yrs after disease
kids who come into contact with affected give immunisation w/n 72hrs if not immunised

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7
Q

Roselea infantum

A

Fever followed by rash on trunk
Febrile convulsions common
6 months- 2 yrs old

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8
Q

Phimosis

A

Cannot retract foreskin, ballooning on micturition and no discomfort - reassure and monitor if <2 yrs old
If more than 2 or recurrent uti to refer

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9
Q

Congenital hernias

A

Congenital hernias
inguinal: repair ASAP
umbilical: manage conservatively if not resolved by age 4-5

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10
Q

Scarlet fever

A

Rash usually starts on face then body ‘sandpaper’ pink rash and ‘strawberry’ tongue.

caused by Group A beta-haemolytic streptococcus

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11
Q

Immune thrombocytopenia purpura

A

ITP typically presents in young children with sudden onset of petechiae, bruising, and mucosal bleeding (e.g., nosebleeds). It often follows a viral infection and is characterised by isolated thrombocytopenia on blood tests, with normal white blood cell count and haemoglobin levels.

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12
Q

Cephalohaematoma

A

Several hours after birth, doesn’t cross suture lines, can take months to resolve

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13
Q

Caput succedaneum

A

Forms at birth
Crosses suture line
Resolves after a few days

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14
Q

Acute lymphoblastic anaemia

A

causes pancytopenia but is associated with hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and systemic symptoms such as fever and bone pain,

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15
Q

Factor vII or IX (haemophilia)

A

causes prolonged aPTT due to a coagulation factor deficiency. It is also more likely to present with haemarthrosis (joint bleeding) rather than mucosal bleeding.
X link recessive

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16
Q

Von willebrand

A

Bleeding gums
Most common
Prolonged PT rest normal

17
Q

Developmental milestones motor

A

-7-8months sit without support (refer by 12 months)
-12 months cruises
-13-15months (refer at 18 boys and 24 months girls) walks without support
-2 yrs runs (refer by 2.5 yrs)
-3yrs bike and walk up stairs
-4 yrs hop on one leg

18
Q

No school exclusion

A

Conjunctivitis
Fifth disease (slapped cheek)
Roseola
Infectious mononucleosis
Head lice
Threadworms
Hand, foot and mouth

19
Q

immunization schedule

A

2 months - 6 in 1 (diptheria, hep B, pertussos, polio, hib, tetanus), rotavirus, Men B
3 months - 6 in 1, rotavirus, PCV
4 months - 6 in 1, Men B
12 months - MMR, PCV, HIb/Men C, Men B
3-4 yrs - 4 in 1 and tetanus
12-13 yrs - HPV and Men ACWY

20
Q

Gillick competence

A

right to accept treatment not to refuse treatment

Fraser guidelines only for contraception

21
Q

sturge weber syndrome

A

learning disability with epilepsy

22
Q

prader willi

A

genital hypoplasia, obese baby, learning disability, neonatal hypotonia, small or non palpable testes

23
Q

fragile X

A

X-linked
learning disability
large head
hyperactivity
autism

24
Q

patent ductus ateriosus

A

contunuous machine like murmur maximally heard under the L clavicle
common in premature babies

25
Klinefelters 47 XXY
High LH low testosterone Gynaecomastia, small testes, tall
26
One hand dominance
if less than 18 months old then refer as may be a sign of hemiparesis or cerebral palsy
27
DUchenne muscular dystrophy
leardning difficulties mobility issues + gowers sign
28
jaundice
less than 24hrs post birth - rhesus imcompatibility after 24hrs is physiological or breast feeding jaundice after 3 wks is biliary atresia or hypothyroisidm
29
noonans syndrome
pectus excavatum, webbed neck, pulmonary stenosis
30
downs syndrome + turners
monitor TFTs
31
edwards trisomy 18
micrognathia, low set ears, rocker bottom feet, overlapping fingers
32
patau trisomy 13
polydactyly microcephaly scalp lesions
33
pierre robinson
posterior displacement of the tongue cleft palate
34
williams syndrome
friendly outgoing personality, short stature, supravalvular aortic stenosis, LD
34
learning disability
downs cri du chat williams syndrome fragile X
35
turners (45X)
short stature, webbed neck, primary amenorrhoea, horse shoe kidney, bicuspic aortic valve, coarctation of the aorta, high arched palate
36
nuchal scanning - cause inc nuchal translucency
Down's syndrome congenital heart defects abdominal wall defects
37
Causes of hyperechogenic bowel on nuchal scan
CMV, CF, downs