paeds Flashcards
SIDS five main risk factors
- prone sleeping
- parental smoking
- bed sharing
- hyperthermia and head covering
- prematurity
Treatment for baby with GORD (regurgitates and gags during feeds)
- Breastfed infants - 1-2 week trial of alginate e.g. Gavison
- Bottlefed infants - 1-2 week trial of feed thickener
- Then 4 week trial of omeprazole if no improvement
- Refer to paeds if none above work
A formula fed infant with GORD should have feeds reduced to
150ml/kg per day
treatment for head lice
malathion
children with head lice - do they need to be excluded from school
no!
How do you work out the corrected age of a premature baby when working out milestone ages
The age minus the number of weeks he/she was born early from 40 weeks
e.g. born prematurely at 32 weeks
- normal milestone to smile = 6 weeks
- for this premature baby = 40-32 = 8, then add on 6 = 14 weeks is their milestone
NICE suggest what regarding chickenpox and school exclusion and infectivity in relation to the rash
Most infectious period is 1-2 days before rash appears
Infectivity continues until all lesions are dry and crusted over, usually about 5 days after rash onset
IM benzylpenicillin doses for meningococcal septicaemia for:
(a) <1 year
(b) 1-10 years
(c) >10 years
(a) <1 year = 300mg
(b) 1-10 years = 600mg
(c) >10 years = 1200mg
When should premature babies have their vaccines - at normal timetable, or delayed (correct for gestational age)
AT NORMAL TIMETABLEq
maintenance and reliever therapy (MART) inhalers are combination of what two
LABA + ICS
treatment of asthma in kids aged 5-16
- SABA
- SABA + low dose ICS
- SABA + low dose ICS + LTRA
- SABA + low dose ICS + LABA
- SABA + MART (contains ICS + LABA)
- SABA + moderate dose ICS MART
- SABA + high dose ICS MART, theophylline, asthma specialist!
Children 15:2 chest compressions to rescure breaths
What speed should chest compressions be for kids
100-120/min
Babies with absent or weak femoral pulses at 6-8 week baby check - what should you do
Discuss immediately with paeds
what are 3 cyanotic congenital heart diseases (right to left shunt)
- tetralogy of Fallot
- transposition of great arteries
- tricuspid atresia
what are 5 acyanotic congenital heart diseases (left to right shunt)
- ventricular septal defect
- atrial septal defect
- patent ductus arteriosis
- coarctation of aorta
- aortic valve stenosis
first line medication option for ADHD
methylphenidate
if inadequate response, switch to lisdexamfetamine
NICE do not recommend a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) to treat overt regurgitation in infants and children occurring as an isolated symptom. A trial of one of these agents should be considered if 1 or more of the following apply:
- unexplained feeding issues e.g. refusing feeds, gagging or choking
- distressed behaviour
- faltering growth
When should kids have an USS urinary tract with UTIs:
- <6 months with UTI should have USS within 6 weeks
- > 6 months who have an atypical or recurrent UTI
what scan can be done in children after UTI to identify renal scars
Static radioisotope scan e.g. DMSA
4-6 months after initial infection
what scan can be done in children after UTI (atypical or recurrent infections) to identify vesicoureteric reflux
micturating cystourethrography (MCUG)
what cardiac issue occurs with Kawasaki’s disease
coronary artery aneurysms
Traetment for Kawasaki disease
High dose aspirin
IvIg
Echocardiogram - initial screening test for coronary artery aneurysms
High-grade fever > 5 days
Conjunctival injection
Bright red, cracked lips
Strawberry tongue
Red hands + feet with desquamation that peels
what is the diagnosis
Kawasaki disease
bronchiolitis is usually caused by what pathogen in 80% of cases
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)