Paediatrics - Endocrinology Flashcards
How would you treat nephrotic syndrome?
Prednisilone (80% response rate) fluid balance - diuretics low salt diet Pen V and immunisation Antihypertensives
What are the 3 key symptoms of diabetes?
Polydipsia, polyuria, weight loss
What are the 3 main symptoms of nephrotic syndrome?
Proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia, oedema
What on blood tests indicate DKA?
Glucose > 11
PH < 7.3
HCO3 < 18
Ketones > 3
How would you treat DKA?
Fluids!
Insulin - 1 hour after fluids
Monitor glucose and ketones - do not reduce insulin until ketones have dropped, can add dextrose to fluids if needed
What are the features of congenital hypothyroidism?
coarse facial features macroglossia short stature hypotonia umbilical hernia developmental delay
How would you treat central adrenal hyperplasia?
dexamethasone antenatally
glucocorticoids
mineralcorticoids
NaCl supplementation
What is Kawasaki’s?
mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome
blood vessels are inflamed and swollen
How do you treat Kawasaki’s?
aspirin
IVIG
What are the symptoms of Kawasaki’s?
MY HEART
Mucosal involvement - chapped lips, strawberry tongue
Hand and feet - oedema, peeling, red
Eyes - bilateral conjunctivitis
Adenopathy - e.g. conjunctivitis
Rash - truncal, premorphic, maculopapular
Temp - at least 5 days
Name 3 symptoms of DKA
dehydration, polyuria, thirst, abdo pain, weight loss, vomiting and nausea, lower GCS
What are the two major causes of congenital hypothyroidism?
low iodine in pregnant mothers
absense or ectopic thyroid gland
How would you treat congenital hypothyroidism?
Levothyroxine
What would you see on the bloods of someone with central adrenal hyperplasia?
low sodium, pH and HCO3
high potassium and urea
What is the pathology of central adrenal hyperplasia?
lack of steroid hormones from adrenal glands causes low aldosterone and cortisol so they struggle to regulate blood glucose
increased 17OH-progesterone = high testosterone = ambiguous genitalia in girls
