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MSRA exam > Paediatrics > Flashcards

Paediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

What is acute epiglottis caused by ?

A

Haemophilus influenzae type B

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2
Q

What is the sign seen on lateral x ray for acute epiglottis ?

A

Thumbs sign

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3
Q

What is the most common type of pediatric cancer?

A

ALL

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4
Q

What are a couple of poor prognostic factors for ALL?

A

AGE < 2 OR >10
male
non caucasian
WCC > 20 at diagnosis

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5
Q

What heart abnormality do you get with William’s syndrome?

A

supravalvular aortic stenosis

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6
Q

What does the APGAR scoring system measure?

A

Pulse
RR
Colour
Muscle tone
Reflex irritability

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7
Q

When is APGAR assessed?

A

at 1 and 5 mins post birth. It is repeated again at 10 mins if prior levels are low.

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8
Q

What is a good APGAR score?

A

7-10

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9
Q

Explain the pathway for asthma management in children.

A
  1. SABA
  2. SABA + ICS
  3. SABA + ICS + Leukotriene receptor antagonist
  4. SABA + ICS + LABA
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10
Q

What is the first-line medical treatment for ADHD?

A

Methylphenidate (note cardiotoxic base ecg required prior)

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11
Q

What does non-penetrance mean?

A

Lack of clinical signs despite having an abnormal gene.

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12
Q

What is benign rolandic epilepsy?

A

Childhood epilepsy typically occurs between the age of 4 and 12. happens at night and is typically partial. They grow out of it by adolescence

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13
Q

What is a sign of respiratory distress in a child?

A

Grunting

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14
Q

What is the management of bronchiolitis ?

A

largely supportive

humidified oxygen

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15
Q

What is the prophylactic treatment for bronchiolitis

A

Palivizumab

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16
Q

What is a caput succedaneum?

A

crosses suture lines of the skull
oedema of the scalp of the presenting part of the head typically the vertex. Present at birth

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17
Q

WHat is a cephalohaematoma?

A

Swelling in a newborn’s head happens several hours after delivery due to bleeding between the periosteum and the skull. Can take up to 3 months to resolve. With jaundice being a common complication

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18
Q

What are the 3 stages of a chickenpox rash?

A

Macular -> papular and then vesicular

19
Q

When can a kid with chicken pox return to school?

A

Once all lesions are healed over and dry

20
Q

What do you give immunocompromised individuals that have been exposed to chicken pox?

A

VZV immunoglobulin

21
Q

Where does a measles rash start?
What are Koplik spots?

A

Begins behind the ears and spreads to the whole body.

White spots on buccal mucosa.

22
Q

What type of rash do you get in rubella?

A

Red maculopapular rash

23
Q

what condition is known as fifths disease?

A

erythema infectiosum

24
Q

how does erythema infectiosum present?

A

slapped check syndrome. caused by parvovirus you get fever, lethargy and a headache

25
Q

In what condition do you get a strawberry tongue?

A

Scarlet fever

26
Q

What condition is trisomy 13?

A

Patau

27
Q

What condition is trisomy 18?

A

Edwards

28
Q

What condition is trisomy 21?

A

Down’s

29
Q

What heart issue is associated with Noonan’s syndrome ?

A

pulmonary stenosis

30
Q

What biopsy would you do in suspected coeliac disease?

A

Jejunal biopsy

31
Q

What can congenital diaphragmatic hernia lead to?

A

Pulmonary hypoplasia and hypertension. Causing respiratory distress shortly after birth.

32
Q

3 types of cyanotic congenital heart disease

A

transposition of the great arteries
tetralogy of fallot
tricuspid atresia

33
Q

When does transposition of the great arteries typically present?

A

1-2 months old

34
Q

At what time should you be worried if the meconium hasn’t been passed?

A

> 48 hours

35
Q

first-line treatment for paediatric constipation

A

movicol paediatric plain

36
Q

If a baby has CPI and is formula fed what is your management?

A

Start extensive hydrolysed formula milk

37
Q

What virus is largely responsible for croup?

A

Parainfluenza virus

38
Q

What test can you do to determine whether a patient has cyanotic congenital heart disease?

A

NITROGEN washout test. 10 mins of 100% oxygen. A low o2 value after signifies cyanotic heart disease

39
Q

What medication can you use to keep a patent ductus arteriosus open?

A

Prostaglandin E1 alprostadil

40
Q

What are 3 referral points in relation to missed developmental milestones?

A

doesn’t smile at 10 weeks
cannot sit unsupported at 12 months
cannot walk at 18 months

41
Q

Is hand preference before 12 months normal?

A

No. Could indicate cerebral palsy

42
Q

When are infants immunized against whooping cough ?

A

Immunised at 2, 3, 4 months and 3-5 year

43
Q

What inheritance is Androgen insensitivity syndrome?

A

Autosomal recessive

MSRA exam (16 decks)

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