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MSRA exam > Paediatrics > Flashcards

Paediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

What is acute epiglottis caused by ?

A

Haemophilus influenzae type B

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2
Q

What is the sign seen on lateral x ray for acute epiglottis ?

A

Thumbs sign

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3
Q

What is the most common type of pediatric cancer?

A

ALL

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4
Q

What are a couple of poor prognostic factors for ALL?

A

AGE < 2 OR >10
male
non caucasian
WCC > 20 at diagnosis

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5
Q

What heart abnormality do you get with William’s syndrome?

A

supravalvular aortic stenosis

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6
Q

What does the APGAR scoring system measure?

A

Pulse
RR
Colour
Muscle tone
Reflex irritability

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7
Q

When is APGAR assessed?

A

at 1 and 5 mins post birth. It is repeated again at 10 mins if prior levels are low.

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8
Q

What is a good APGAR score?

A

7-10

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9
Q

Explain the pathway for asthma management in children.

A
  1. SABA
  2. SABA + ICS
  3. SABA + ICS + Leukotriene receptor antagonist
  4. SABA + ICS + LABA
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10
Q

What is the first-line medical treatment for ADHD?

A

Methylphenidate (note cardiotoxic base ecg required prior)

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11
Q

What does non-penetrance mean?

A

Lack of clinical signs despite having an abnormal gene.

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12
Q

What is benign rolandic epilepsy?

A

Childhood epilepsy typically occurs between the age of 4 and 12. happens at night and is typically partial. They grow out of it by adolescence

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13
Q

What is a sign of respiratory distress in a child?

A

Grunting

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14
Q

What is the management of bronchiolitis ?

A

largely supportive

humidified oxygen

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15
Q

What is the prophylactic treatment for bronchiolitis

A

Palivizumab

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16
Q

What is a caput succedaneum?

A

crosses suture lines of the skull
oedema of the scalp of the presenting part of the head typically the vertex. Present at birth

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17
Q

WHat is a cephalohaematoma?

A

Swelling in a newborn’s head happens several hours after delivery due to bleeding between the periosteum and the skull. Can take up to 3 months to resolve. With jaundice being a common complication

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18
Q

What are the 3 stages of a chickenpox rash?

A

Macular -> papular and then vesicular

19
Q

When can a kid with chicken pox return to school?

A

Once all lesions are healed over and dry

20
Q

What do you give immunocompromised individuals that have been exposed to chicken pox?

A

VZV immunoglobulin

21
Q

Where does a measles rash start?
What are Koplik spots?

A

Begins behind the ears and spreads to the whole body.

White spots on buccal mucosa.

22
Q

What type of rash do you get in rubella?

A

Red maculopapular rash

23
Q

what condition is known as fifths disease?

A

erythema infectiosum

24
Q

how does erythema infectiosum present?

A

slapped check syndrome. caused by parvovirus you get fever, lethargy and a headache

25
In what condition do you get a strawberry tongue?
Scarlet fever
26
What condition is trisomy 13?
Patau
27
What condition is trisomy 18?
Edwards
28
What condition is trisomy 21?
Down's
29
What heart issue is associated with Noonan's syndrome ?
pulmonary stenosis
30
What biopsy would you do in suspected coeliac disease?
Jejunal biopsy
31
What can congenital diaphragmatic hernia lead to?
Pulmonary hypoplasia and hypertension. Causing respiratory distress shortly after birth.
32
3 types of cyanotic congenital heart disease
transposition of the great arteries tetralogy of fallot tricuspid atresia
33
When does transposition of the great arteries typically present?
1-2 months old
34
At what time should you be worried if the meconium hasn't been passed?
>48 hours
35
first-line treatment for paediatric constipation
movicol paediatric plain
36
If a baby has CPI and is formula fed what is your management?
Start extensive hydrolysed formula milk
37
What virus is largely responsible for croup?
Parainfluenza virus
38
What test can you do to determine whether a patient has cyanotic congenital heart disease?
NITROGEN washout test. 10 mins of 100% oxygen. A low o2 value after signifies cyanotic heart disease
39
What medication can you use to keep a patent ductus arteriosus open?
Prostaglandin E1 alprostadil
40
What are 3 referral points in relation to missed developmental milestones?
doesn't smile at 10 weeks cannot sit unsupported at 12 months cannot walk at 18 months
41
Is hand preference before 12 months normal?
No. Could indicate cerebral palsy
42
When are infants immunized against whooping cough ?
Immunised at 2, 3, 4 months and 3-5 year
43
What inheritance is Androgen insensitivity syndrome?
Autosomal recessive

MSRA exam (16 decks)

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