Haematology

Question 1

How is VWF inherited?

Answer 1

Autosomal Dominant

Question 2

How would VWF present?

Answer 2

APTT may be prolonged
Factor VIII levels may be moderately reduced

Question 3

How would you treat VWF?

Answer 3

Tranexamic acid for mild bleeding
Desmopressin

Question 4

Which type of leukaemia has Auer rods in it?

Answer 4

AML

Question 5

How do you treat warm AIHA ?

Answer 5

steroids and rituximab

Question 6

what conditions do you get target cells in ?

Answer 6

sickle cell
thalassaemia
iron deficency anaemia

Question 7

what condition do you get spherocytes in ?

Answer 7

autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

Question 8

what condition do you get howell jolly bodies in ?

Answer 8

Hyposplenism

Question 9

WHat conditions do you get Heinz bodies in >

Answer 9

G6PD deficency
Alpha thalassaemia

Question 10

WHat do you see on blood film for a patient with megaloblastic anaemia ?

Answer 10

Hypersegmented neutrophils

Question 11

What happens in Non-haemolytic febrile reaction and how do you manage it?

Answer 11

Fever, chills
Slow or stop the transfusion

Paracetamol

Question 12

What happens in acute haemolytic reaction?

Answer 12

You get fever, abdominal pain and hypotension

Question 13

How does burkitts lymphoma appear on microscopy ?

Answer 13

Starry sky appearance

Question 14

5 consequences of tumour lysis syndrome

Answer 14

hyperkalaemia
hyperphosphataemia
hyperuricaemia
hypocalcaemia
acute renal failure

Question 15

What is Richter’s transformation ?

Answer 15

Transformation of CLL to high grade lymphoma

Question 16

Is lymphadenopathy more marked in CML or CLL

Answer 16

CLL

Question 17

What will you see on blood film for CLL

Answer 17

Smudge or Smear cells

Question 18

What leukaemia is associated with the Philadelphia chromosome

Answer 18

CML

Question 19

What is the first line treatment for CML ?

Answer 19

Imatinib

Question 20

How long should you have anti coag therapy fro post VTE

Answer 20

3 months if provoked
6 months if not provoked

Question 21

What are two things that can trigger a G6PD attack ?

Answer 21

Fava aka broad beans
Infection

Question 22

How does G6PD deficency typically present?

Answer 22

It presents with neonatal jaundice and heinz bodies on blood film.

Question 23

WHat is the coag profile like for someone with haemophilia ?

Answer 23

Prolonged APTT
normal everything else.

Question 24

What is hereditery spherocytosis ?

Answer 24

Normal biconcave RBC disc is replaced by a sphere like RBC. RBC survival is reduced as more are destroyed in the spleen. Generally management is splenectomy.

Question 25

What lymphoma has Reed Sternberg cells ?

Answer 25

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Question 26

What is the first line treatment for ITP?

Answer 26

Prednisolone
+ if needed IV IG

Question 27

what does a high Total iron binding capacity indicate?

Answer 27

LOW IRON STORES as there are lots available to attach to iron.

Question 28

how long do you take iron for if deficient?

Answer 28

3 months

Question 29

In a broad sense how does lead poisoning present?

Answer 29

Neurological symptoms
Abdominal pain

• note causes microcytic anaemia*

Question 30

How do you manage lead poisoning?

Answer 30

DMSA
D Penicillamine

Question 31

Two causes of microcytosis with a normal Hb

Answer 31

Thalassaemia
Polycythaemia rubra vera

Question 32

What are 4 features of myeloma?

Answer 32

Hypercalcaemia
Renal damage
Anaemia
Bleeding
Bone pain
Increased infections

Question 33

How do you test for myeloma ?

Answer 33

bence jones proteins in the urine

Question 34

How do you test for myeloma ?

Answer 34

bence jones proteins in the urine

Question 35

What does neutropenia refer to?

Answer 35

A neutrophil count below 1.5*10^9

Question 36

What does neutropenia refer to?

Answer 36

A neutrophil count below 1.5*10^9