Ophthalmology

Question 1

What is the definition of glaucoma?

Answer 1

Optic neuritis secondary to raised intraoccular pressure

Question 2

What are 3 RF for developing acute angle closure glaucoma?

Answer 2

long sited
age
pupillary dilation

Question 3

What is the pupil like in the acute angle closure glaucoma?

Answer 3

Semi dilated and non reacting

Question 4

How does acute angle closure glaucoma present?

Answer 4

severe headache
decreased visual acuity
red eye
worse in a dark room
haloes around lights
N+V

Question 5

How do you treat Acute angle closure glaucoma?

Answer 5

Pilocarpine
BB like timolol
Alpha 2 agonist like bromidine
IV acetazolamide

Question 6

3 RF for macular degeneration.

Answer 6

Age
Smoking
Family History

Question 7

Is dry or wet macular degeneration more common ?

Answer 7

Dry is more common and is seen in 90% of cases.

Question 8

What is the pathophysiology of wet macular degeneration?

Answer 8

Choroidal neovascularisation

Question 9

How does dry AMD appear on fundoscopy?

Answer 9

yellow pigment in the macular

Question 10

How does wet AMD appear?

Answer 10

well-demarcated red patches

Question 11

What is first and second-line treatment for allergic conjunctivitis?

Answer 11

first line: topic antihistamine
second line: systemic antihistamine

Question 12

What gene is anterior uveitis associated with?

Answer 12

HLA B27

Question 13

What does the uvea consist of?

Answer 13

ciliary bodies and iris

Question 14

What conditions are associated with anterior uveitis ?

Answer 14

IBD
Ankylosing spondylitis, sarcoidosis
reactive arthritis

Question 15

How do you treat anterior uveitis?

Answer 15

Steroid eye drops
Cycloplegics (dilate the eye) with atropine

Question 16

Two conditions associated with argyll robertson pupil?

Answer 16

Syphilis
Diabetes

Question 17

What is an argyll robertson pupil?

Answer 17

Pupil not responsive to light. but responds to accomodation

Question 18

What is the management of blepharitis ?

Answer 18

lid hygeine

Question 19

What happens to colours in cataracts?

Answer 19

They become more faded

Question 20

3 symptoms of cataracts

Answer 20

colours more faded
haloes around lights
glares from lights
reduced vision

Question 21

What type of cataracts is associated with steroid use?

Answer 21

Subscapular

Question 22

What type of cataract is associated with inheritance?

Answer 22

Polar

Question 23

What is the most common type of cataracts?

Answer 23

Nuclear

Question 24

3 complications of cataract surgery?

Answer 24

posterior capsule rupture
retinal detachment
posterior capsule opacification
endophthalmitis

Question 25

What would you see in an eye with a central retinal artery occlusion?

Answer 25

Cherry red spot Pale retina Afferent pupillary defect

Question 26

What are two indications to treat central retinal vein occlusion?

Answer 26

new retinal vessels macular oedema

Question 27

4 conditions associated with chorioretinitis

Answer 27

CMV Syphilis Toxoplasmosis TB

Question 28

What classes as moderate diabetic retinopathy?

Answer 28

microaneurysm blot haemorrhages cotton wool spots

Question 29

What classes as severe diabetic retinopathy?

Answer 29

blot haemorrhages + microaneurysm in all 4 regions. venous beading in 2 quadrants IRMA

Question 30

Is proliferative diabetic retinopathy more common in T1 or T2 ?

Answer 30

T1

Question 31

Is maculopathy more common in T1 or T2 ?

Answer 31

T2

Question 32

How do you treat diabetic maculopathy?

Answer 32

anti vEGF injections

Question 33

How do you treat non proliferative retinopathy?

Answer 33

laser photocoagulation

Question 34

How do you treat proliferative retinopathy?

Answer 34

anti-VEGF injections Photocoagulation

Question 35

What eye drop can distinguish between episcleritis and scleritis ?

Answer 35

phenylephrine drops. blanches the eye in episcleritis

Question 36

When do you give antibiotics if a patient has a stye?

Answer 36

You only give abx when they have associated conjunctivitis