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Paediatrics > Paediatric Respiratory > Flashcards

Paediatric Respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

What are the most common RTIs in children?

A 
Rhinitis 
Tonsilitis 
Otitis media 
Pharyngitis 
Epiglottitis
Pneumonia/itis 
Bronchitis 
Empyaema 
Bronchiolitis 
Croup
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2
Q

What are the viral agents that cause upper respiratory tract infections?

A 
Adenovirus
Influenza A, B
Para’flu I, III
RSV
Rhinovirus
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3
Q

What are the bacterial agents that cause upper respiratory tract infections?

A 
H influenzae
M catarrhalis
(Mycoplasma)
(S aureus)
Streptococci (B haemolytic, S pyogenes, Non haemolytic, S pneumoniae)
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4
Q

What are the clinical features of otitis media?

A

Erythema

Bulging drum

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5
Q

What is the treatment for otitis media?

A

Analgesics

Augmentin

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6
Q

What is the treatment for tonsillitis/pharyngitis?

A

10 days penicillin

Dont give amoxycillin

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7
Q

What are the symptoms of croup?

A

Coryza
Stridor
Hoarse voice
“Barking” cough

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8
Q

What agent usually causes croup?

A

Paraflu 1

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9
Q

What is the treatment for croup?

A

Oral dexamthasone

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10
Q

What agent usually causes epiglottitis?

A

H influenzae type B

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11
Q

What are the symptoms of epiglottitis?

A

Stridor

Drooling

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12
Q

What is the treatment for epiglottitis?

A

Intubation and antibiotics

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13
Q

What are the common bacterial agents that cause lower respiratory infections?

A 
Strep pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Chlamydia pneumoniae
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14
Q

What are the common viral agents that cause lower respiratory infections?

A

RSV
Parainfluenza III
Influenza A and B
Adenovirus

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15
Q

What is the treatment for tracheitis?

A

Augmentin

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16
Q

What agent usually cause tracheitis?

A

Staph or strep

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17
Q

What agent usually causes bronchitis?

A

Haemophilus

Pneumococcus

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18
Q

What are the symptoms of bronchitis?

A

Loose rattly cough

Post-tussive vomit

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19
Q

What are the features of bacterial bronchitis?

A

First winter bad
Second winter better
Third winter fine

20
Q

What is the criteria for persistent bacterial bronchitis?

A

Wet cough
More than 1 month
Remission with antibiotics

21
Q

What agents usually cause bronchiolitis?

A

RSV
Paraflu III
HMPV

22
Q

What are the symptoms of bronchiolitis?

A

Nasal stuffiness
Tachypnoea
Poor feeding
Crackles +/- wheeze

23
Q

What are the general symptoms of a LRTI?

A 
48hrs 
Fever 
SOB 
Cough 
Grunting 
Reduced or bronchial breath sounds
24
Q

What is the treatment for community acquired pneumonia?

A

Oral amoxycillin
Oral macrolide
Only IV if vomiting

25
Q

What are the symptoms of pertussis?

A

Coughing fits
Vomiting
Colour change

26
Q

What is empyema?

A

Complication of pneumonia

Extension of infection into pleural space

27
Q

What are the symptoms of empyema?

A

Chest pain

Very unwell

28
Q

What is the treatment for empyema?

A

Antibiotics

Drainage

29
Q

What are the symptoms of asthma?

A 
Wheeze 
Cough 
SOB 
Variable/reversible 
Responds to treatment
30
Q

What are the triggers for asthma?

A

URTI
Exercise
Allergen
Cold weather

31
Q

What mechanism causes the wheeze to occur in asthma?

A

Bronchoconstriction
Airway wall thickening
Luminal secretions

32
Q

What is the differential diagnosis for asthma?

A 
Foreign body 
Cystic fibrosis 
Immune deficiency 
Ciliary dyskinesia 
Crop
33
Q

What is used to measure control of asthma?

A 
SANE 
Short acting beta agonist/week 
Absence nursery/school 
Nocturnal symtoms/week 
Excertional symtoms/week
34
Q

What are the classes of medications used in asthma?

A 
Short acting beta antagonist 
Inhaled corticosteroids 
Long acting beta antagonist 
Leukotrine receptor antagonist 
Theophyllines 
Oral steroids
35
Q

What is the management for asthma?

A

Start on low dose ICS

Review after 2 months

36
Q

When would an asthma programme need to be stepped up from SABA?

A

Using inhaled B2 agonist 3 times a week or more

37
Q

What is added on to a SABA?

A

Low dose ICS

38
Q

What is step 3 of asthma management?

A

Add on LABA
Add on LTRA
Increase ICS dose

39
Q

What are the adverse effects of ICS?

A

Height suppression
Oral candidiasis
Adrenocortical suppression

40
Q

What should be considered when giving a LABA?

A

Don’t use without ICS

Use as fixed dose inhaler

41
Q

What are the delivery systems used for asthma medication?

A

MDI/spacer

Dry powder device

42
Q

What other management plans can help with asthmas symptoms?

A

Stop tobacco smoke exposure

Remove environmental triggers (cat, dog)

43
Q

How is an mild asthma attack treated?

A

SABA via spacer with prednisolone

44
Q

How is a moderate asthma attack treated?

A

SABA via nebuliser and prednisolone

45
Q

How is a severe asthma attack treated?

A 
IV salbutamol 
IV aminophylline 
IV magnesium (nebuliser) 
IV hydrocortisone
Intubate and ventilate

Paediatrics (20 decks)

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