Growth, Development and Health Flashcards
What is a neonate?
<4 weeks old
What is an infant?
<12 months old
What is a toddler?
1-2 years old
What is pre-school age?
2-5 years old
When is a referral for a child who has not achieved a milestone?
Limit age (2 standard deviations from the mean)
What are the adverse antenatal environmental factors on development?
Infections (CMV, rubella, Toxo, VZV)
Toxins (alcohol, smoking, anti-epileptics)
What are the adverse postnatal environment factors on development?
Infection (meningitis, encephalitis)
Toxins (solvents, mercury, lead)
Trauma (head injuries)
Malnutrition (iron, folate, vitamin D)
Metabolic (hypoglycaemia, hyper/hyponatraemia)
Maltreatment/under stimulation/ domestic violence
Maternal mental health issues
What red flags should be recognised when assessing development?
Loss of developmental skills Concern regarding vision Hearing loss Persistent low muscle tone/ floppiness No speech by 18 months Asymmetry of movements/ increased muscle tone Not walking by 18 months/ persistent toe walking OFC >99.6th/<0.4th/ crossed 2 centiles
What is included in the child health programme?
New-born exam and blood spot screening New-born hearing screening (by day 28) Health visitor first visit 6-8 week review 27-30 month review Orthoptist vision screening (4-5yrs)
What does the blood spot screening look for?
Phenlyketonuria (PKU) Congenital hypothyroidism (CHT) Cystic fibrosis Medium Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency Sickle cell disorder
What is reviewed at the 6-8 week review?
Idenification data
Feeding (breast, bottle, both)
Parental concerns
Development (gross motor, hearing, communication, vision, social awareness)
Measurements (weight, OFC, length)
Examination (heart, hips, testes, genitalia, femoral pulses, eyes red reflex)
Sleeping position (supine, prone, side)
What is reviewed at the 27-30 month review?
Identification data
Social, behavioural, attention and emotional
Communication, speech and language
Gross and fine motor
Vision, hearing
Physical measurements (height and weight)
What topics are included in the health promotion section of the healthy child programme?
Smoking Alcohol/drugs Nutrition Hazards and safety Dental health Support services
What are the deficient intake factors that cause failure to thrive?
Poor lactation Incorrectly prepared feeds Unusual milk or other feeds Inadequate care Prematurity Small for dates Oro palatal abnormalities Neuromuscular disease Genetic disorders
What increased metabolic demands can cause failure to thrive?
Congenital lung disease Heart disease Liver disease Renal disease Infection Anemia Inborn errors of metabolism Cystic fibrosis Thyroid disease Crohn’s/ IBD Malignancy
